Free Practice Questions for Cisco 400-007 Exam

C (Untrusted VLAN): In out-of-band NAC Real-IP Gateway mode, unauthenticated clients are placed into the untrusted VLAN. The Clean Access Server handles traffic from these clients until authentication is complete.

Why other options are incorrect:

A: Authentication VLAN applies to some inline modes but not Real-IP Gateway.

B: User VLAN is assigned after successful authentication.

D: Management VLAN is used for administration, not for client onboarding.

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A (Evaluate bandwidth utilization and connection quality):Before VoIP deployment, a readiness assessment must include bandwidth analysis, latency, jitter, and packet loss to ensure call quality.

Other options explained:

B: DID lines relate to telephony features but not network readiness.

C: Session table limits are unrelated to VoIP readiness.

D: Anomaly detection is security-related, not core network readiness.

B (Separation of infrastructure and policy):SD-WAN decouples policy control from the underlying transport.

C (Simpler policy-based forwarding):Centralized controllers dynamically steer traffic according to application policies with less complexity than traditional QoS in MPLS.

Other options explained:

A: FEC (Forward Error Correction) is typically not used in standard SD-WAN implementations.

D: SD-WAN does not unify WAN backbones; it abstracts multiple underlays.

E: Both MPLS and SD-WAN have failure management, but SD-WAN focuses more on dynamic path control than simply backup links.

In addition to business requirements, network architects must also account for non-business constraints such as legal, regulatory, and industry compliance. These may include standards like GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, or country-specific data sovereignty and retention laws.

Compliance is not typically driven by direct business value but by external mandates that influence how the network must be designed, implemented, and operated. Ignoring compliance requirements can result in significant legal or financial penalties and is therefore a core component of any responsible network design.

Other options such as:

A. Location — may impact design (e.g., latency, availability), but it is often categorized as a technical or logistical consideration.

B. Cost — is a business constraint.

C. Time — is considered a project or delivery constraint, also typically business-driven.

C (Lack of visibility and tracking): In cloud-native environments, organizations often struggle with monitoring and tracking workloads across dynamic, distributed, and multi-tenant architectures. Traditional visibility tools may not fully cover cloud-native assets like containers, serverless functions, or microservices, making it harder to detect threats and enforce policies.

D (Increased attack surface): Cloud-native architectures introduce many additional components—APIs, microservices, third-party integrations, and distributed data—which all expand the organization's overall attack surface. More entry points for attackers create additional security challenges compared to traditional on-prem environments.

Other options explained:

A: User roles can be managed with proper IAM systems.

B: Polymorphism refers to code behavior in programming, not a core security challenge in cloud-native design.

E: Credential validation is part of basic access control but not a top cloud-native challenge compared to visibility and attack surface expansion.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

A: PaaS (Platform as a Service) solutions often introduce strong vendor-specific APIs, services, and tooling, making it difficult to migrate applications later—leading to vendor lock-in.

Other options:

B and C apply more to SaaS and IaaS models.

D: Multi-tenant security concerns are common in all models but not unique or predominant in PaaS.

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A (Distinguishing between config and operational data):NETCONF was designed to provide structured data models (such as YANG), clearly separating configuration from operational state data. SNMP lacks this built-in distinction and generally treats all data as MIB objects.

Other options explained:

B/C/D: Both protocols can perform actions and retrieve or modify data, but only NETCONF natively differentiates config vs. operational state.

InBidirectional PIM, redundancy for Rendezvous Points (RPs) is provided through thePhantom RPmechanism. This setup offers HA by:

A. Using two phantom RP addresses: You configure two RPs with the same virtual RP address but advertise them with loopback interfaces having different subnet masks. These phantom RPs allow seamless failover between active and standby RPsdatatracker.ietf.org+14arubanetworking.hpe.com+14examtopics.com+14ciscolive.com+3examtopics.com+3ccie-sp.gitbook.io+3learnwithsalman.com+4lostintransit.se+4learningnetwork.cisco.com+4.

F. Controlling routing through a longest match prefix: The active RP is chosen based on unicast routing — the loopback with the longest prefix match to the RP address is preferred. If that RP fails, the IGP converges and the standby with the next-longest prefix becomes activearubanetworking.hpe.com.

This combined mechanism aligns with CCDE v3.1 design principles by ensuring multicast HA with minimal complexity — no MSDP involvement and leveraging existing IGP behaviors.

Why other options are incorrect:

B&D: Changing administrative distance or protocol advertisement doesn't inherently establish redundancy in Bidir-PIM RP selection.

C: Static mroutes are static and don’t support dynamic redundancy or failover.

E: Anycast RP with MSDP is not supported or needed in Bidir-PIM environments.

This design ensures robust, seamless RP redundancy using phantom RPs with longest-prefix selection logic, remaining cost-effective and operationally concise.

https://community.cisco.com/t5/networking-knowledge-base/rp-redundancy-with-pim-bidir-phantom-rp/ta-p/3117191

A (IGMP Snooping): Controls IPv4 multicast traffic within VLANs by listening to IGMP join/leave messages and forwarding multicast only to interested ports.

B (MLD Snooping): Performs similar multicast control for IPv6 multicast traffic by listening to MLD protocol messages.

Both technologies reduce unnecessary multicast flooding inside VLANs.

Why other options are incorrect:

C (RGMP): Controls multicast on router-connected ports, not intra-VLAN.

D (PIM Snooping): Operates on PIM-enabled Layer 3 devices; less relevant for pure VLAN-based Layer 2 multicast control.

E (Pruning): Refers to multicast tree pruning in Layer 3 multicast routing, not VLAN Layer 2 control.

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