A 54-year-old woman presents to your office to discuss breast cancer screening. She is asymptomatic with no history of breast cancer. She had a fibroadenoma removed when she was 24 years old. The patient is not on any medications. Her family history is significant for a great-aunt with breast cancer. The patient has not had genetic testing but had normal breast screening 2 years ago. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 62-year-old woman is referred to your clinic for evaluation of hypercalcemia. She has a history of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency. Her medications include hydrochlorothiazide and vitamin D supplements. Laboratory investigations are as follows:
Calcium: 2.72 mmol/L (↑)
Phosphate: 0.9 mmol/L (↓)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH): 0.9 pmol/L (↓)
25-hydroxy vitamin D: 80 nmol/L (normal)
Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 94-year-old woman with severe dementia is referred for vaginal bleeding and a persistent foul odour from the vagina. She lives in a long-term care facility. She has been using a ring pessary for the past 15 years. Her current pessary has not been replaced in 2 years. On examination, there is moderate vaginal atrophy. After removing the pessary, which one of the following is the best next step?
An 88-year-old married man is admitted following a cardiac arrest at home. He was not expected to recover, and after 2 weeks, he remains in a coma. His wife states, "I cannot let him go. That would be murder." As the attending physician looking after her husband, which one of the following is the best next course of action?
A 32-year-old man presents to the clinic for assessment of a dog bite sustained 3 days ago while traveling in another country. He recalls having seen the dog eat where he was staying, and the animal did not appear well. On examination, the patient has 2 distinct deep puncture wounds on his left leg. There is an erythematous border but no exudate. He is unsure of his immunization status. Which one of the following is the most appropriate management?
A 61-year-old man presents to the office for follow-up of recent laboratory test results. He has hypertension for which he takes amlodipine daily. His blood pressure is 148/94 mm Hg. His creatinine level is 140 µmol/L (normal 70–120), and his urine protein-to-creatinine ratio is persistently elevated. You would like to prescribe ramipril, but he refuses to take any additional medication. Which one of the following is the best next step?
An 84-year-old woman is brought by ambulance to the emergency department after she was found by a neighbour. She had fallen, sustained a hip fracture, and was unable to move for the past 2 days. After starting rehydration, she reports hip pain and numbness and tingling in both her legs. Physical examination reveals faint pulses in both legs and severely swollen lower legs that are painful to palpation. The urine in the Foley catheter bag seems to be darker than normal. Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 72-year-old man reports that his wife says he has hearing trouble. Examination reveals that air conduction on the right side is less than on the left side and greater than bone conduction bilaterally. He hears a tuning fork placed on the top of his head better with his left ear. Which one of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A 53-year-old man with a history of bipolar I disorder is brought to the office by his family. Recently, he has been sleeping for 4 to 5 hours per night, has been fidgety, and is increasinglypreoccupied with his granddaughter's safety. Five days ago, he consulted with your physician colleague and was instructed to exercise and meditate. Last night, he was found running in the street and attempted to hit a relative who was trying to calm him down. His son is dissatisfied with your physician colleague's management. Which one of the following is the most appropriate response?
