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STP ensures a loop-free network but has a slow network topology convergence speed, affecting communication quality. RSTP has made some improvements based on STP. Which of the following improvements is not included?

A.

If a port does not receive configuration BPDUs from the upstream device within four Hello intervals, the switch considers that the negotiation with the neighbor fails.

B.

The non-root switch running RSTP sends configuration BPDUs at the interval specified by the Hello timer, which is performed independently by each device.

C.

RSTP reduces five port states to three port states based on user traffic forwarding and MAC address learning.

D.

RSTP deletes three port states and adds two port roles.

In addition to a route reflector, the confederation is another method that reduces the number of IBGP connections in an AS.

Which of the following statements are true about the confederation technology? (Choose all that apply)

A.

This technology is applicable to large-scale networks.

B.

Special EBGP connections are established among sub-ASs in a confederation, and the sub-ASs need to be fully meshed.

C.

All member devices in a confederation need to be reconfigured.

D.

The logical topology does not need to be changed when a confederation is used.

A switch runs MSTP. The configuration is shown in the figure. What is the role of this switch in MSTI 1?

A.

Uncertain

B.

Root switch

C.

Non-root switch

D.

Secondary root switch

ACLs are a common tool for matching routes. ACLs are classified into multiple types based on ACL rule functions. An ACL can be identified by a number, and the number range for each type of ACLs is different. Which of the following type of ACLs are numbered from 4000 to 4999?

A.

User-defined ACL

B.

Basic ACL

C.

Layer 2 ACL

D.

Advance ACL

ACLs are a common matching tool in routing policies. An ACL can be configured on a router to match routes.

A.

TRUE

B.

FALSE

On the OSPF network shown in the figure, an adjacency has been established between R1 and R2. An engineer configures the commands in the figure on R2. In this case, which of the following routing entries may exist in the routing table of R2?

A.

10.1.4.0/24

B.

10.1.3.0/24

C.

10.1.2.0/24

D.

10.1.1.0/24

Route summarization can effectively reduce the number of BGP routes. However, many parameters need to be properly set when configuring BGP route summarization. Otherwise, problems such as routing loops may occur.

Which of the following statements is false about BGP route summarization?

A.

If the aggregate command with suppress-policy specified is run on a device, the device advertises only the specific routes that match the given routing policy.

B.

If the aggregate command is run on a device, the device advertises both specific and summary routes.

C.

If the summary automatic command is run on a device, the device summarizes subnet routes based on natural network segments.

D.

If the aggregate command with detail-suppressed specified is run on a device, the device advertises only the summary route.

When deploying a VRRP network, an enterprise administrator sets the virtual IP address to 192.168.1.254 and VRID to 1. Which of the following is the virtual MAC address after the network becomes stable?

A.

0000-5e01-0101

B.

0000-5e01-0254

C.

0000-5e00-0101

D.

0000-5e00-0254

A wide area network (WAN) is a remote network that connects local area networks (LANs) or metropolitan area networks (MANs) in different areas for communication purposes. It is typically used to interconnect campus networks or data center networks.

A.

TRUE

B.

FALSE

Which of the following attribute must be carried in an Update message?

A.

Local-pref

B.

Prefval

C.

MED

D.

AS-Path