Free Practice Questions for Fortinet FCSS_EFW_AD-7.6 Exam

From the OSPF status output, the key information is:

● "This router is an ASBR" → This means the FortiGate is acting as an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR).

● An ASBR is responsible for injecting external routing information into OSPF from another routing protocol (such as BGP, static routes, or connected networks).

In a transparent mode Virtual Domain (VDOM) configuration, FortiGate operates as a Layer 2 bridge rather than performing Layer 3 routing. The set forward-domain <domain_ID> command is used to control how traffic is forwarded between interfaces within the same transparent VDOM.

A forward-domain acts as a broadcast domain, meaning only interfaces with the same forward-domain ID can exchange traffic. This setting is commonly used to separate different VLANs or network segments within the transparent VDOM while still allowing FortiGate to apply security policies.

neighbor-group:

● This command is used to group multiple BGP neighbors with the same configuration, reducing redundant configuration.

● Instead of defining individual BGP settings for each spoke, the administrator can create a neighbor-group and apply the same policies, reducing manual work.

neighbor-range:

● This command allows the configuration of a range of neighbor IPs dynamically, reducing the need to manually define each spoke neighbor.

● It automatically adds BGP neighbors that match a given prefix, simplifying deployment.

The set tcp-mss-sender and set tcp-mss-receiver commands in a firewall policy allow an administrator to adjust the Maximum Segment Size (MSS) of TCP packets.

This setting controls the largest payload size that a device can handle in a single TCP segment, ensuring that packets do not exceed the allowed MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) along the network path.

● set tcp-mss-sender adjusts the MSS value for outgoing TCP traffic.

● set tcp-mss-receiver adjusts the MSS value for incoming TCP traffic.

This helps prevent issues with fragmentation and MTU mismatches, improving network performance and avoiding retransmissions.

This IPsec Phase 1 configuration defines a dynamic VPN tunnel that can accept connections from multiple peers. The settings chosen here suggest a configuration optimized for networks with intermittent traffic patterns while ensuring resources are used efficiently.

Key configurations and their impact:

● set type dynamic → This allows multiple peers to establish connections dynamically without needing predefined IP addresses.

● set ike-version 2 → Uses IKEv2, which is more efficient and supports features like EAP authentication and reduced rekeying overhead.

● set dpd on-idle → Dead Peer Detection (DPD) is triggered only when the tunnel is idle, reducing unnecessary keep-alive packets and improving resource utilization.

● set add-route enable → FortiGate automatically adds the route to the routing table when the tunnel is established, ensuring connectivity when needed.

● set proposal aes128-sha256 aes256-sha256 → Uses strong encryption and hashing algorithms, ensuring a secure connection.

● set keylife 28800 → Sets a longer key lifetime (8 hours), reducing the frequency of rekeying, which is beneficial for stable connections.

Because DPD is set to on-idle, the tunnel will not constantly send keep-alive messages but will still ensure connectivity when traffic is detected. This makes the configuration ideal for networks with regular but non-continuous traffic, balancing security and resource efficiency.

Unlike IPS or antivirus databases, FortiGate does not store a full web filter database locally. Instead, FortiGate queries FortiGuard (or FortiManager, if configured) dynamically to classify and filter web content in real time.

Key points:

● Web filtering works on a cloud-based model:

● When a user requests a website, FortiGate queries FortiGuard servers to check its category and reputation.

● The response is then cached locally for faster lookups on repeated requests.

● No local web filter database version:

● Unlike IPS and antivirus, which download and store signature updates locally, web filtering relies on cloud-based queries.

● This is why no database version appears in the GUI.

● Flow mode vs Proxy mode:

● In proxy mode, FortiGate can cache some web filter data, improving performance.

● In flow mode, all queries happen dynamically, with no locally stored database.

When configuring ADVPN (Auto-Discovery VPN) to connect overlay networks across different hubs using IBGP and EBGP, special configurations are required to allow spokes from different overlay networks to dynamically establish tunnels.

● set auto-discovery-crossover enable

● This allows cross-hub tunnel discovery in an ADVPN deployment where multiple hubs are used.

● Since Hub A and Hub B belong to different overlays, enabling crossover discovery ensures that spokes from one overlay can dynamically create direct tunnels to spokes in the other overlay when needed.

● set enforce-multihop enable

● This setting ensures that BGP peers using loopback interfaces can establish connectivity even if they are not directly connected.

● Multihop BGP sessions are required when using loopback addresses as BGP peer sources because the connection might need to traverse multiple routers before reaching the BGP neighbor.

● This is especially useful in ADVPN deployments with multiple hubs, where routes might need to cross from one hub to another.