Free Practice Questions for CyberArk SECRET-SEN Exam

According to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation1, the steps to failback to the primary site after a manual failover to the disaster recovery site are as follows:

On the DR site, stop the Conjur Leader node using the command docker stop .

On the primary site, generate a seed for the new Leader node using the command evoke seed leader . This will create a file named .tar in the current directory.

On the primary site, copy the Leader seed file to the new Leader server using the command scp .tar :.tar

On the new Leader server, create a new container using the same name as the one you just stopped, and load the Leader seed file using the command docker run --name -d --restart=always -v /var/log/conjur:/var/log/conjur -v /opt/conjur/backup:/opt/conjur/backup -p "443:443" -p "5432:5432" -p "1999:1999" cyberark/conjur:latest seed fetch .tar

On the new Leader server, configure the Conjur Leader node using the command evoke configure leader -h -p

On the new Leader server, reconfigure the Vault Conjur Synchronizer to point to the new Conjur Leader using the command evoke vault sync set

On the DR site, generate a seed for the new Standby node using the command evoke seed standby . This will create a file named .tar in the current directory.

On the DR site, copy the Standby seed file to the new Standby server using the command scp .tar :.tar

On the new Standby server, create a new container using the same name as the one you just stopped, and load the Standby seed file using the command docker run --name -d --restart=always -v /var/log/conjur:/var/log/conjur -v /opt/conjur/backup:/opt/conjur/backup -p "443:443" -p "5432:5432" -p "1999:1999" cyberark/conjur:latest seed fetch .tar

On the new Standby server, re-enroll the node to the cluster using the command evoke cluster enroll

The other options are not correct, as they are either unnecessary or incorrect. Contacting CyberArk for a new license file is not required, as the license is valid for both sites. Reconfiguring the Vault Conjur Synchronizer to point to the new Conjur Leader is a step that should be done on the new Leader server, not on the DR site. Triggering autofailover to promote the Standby in Site A to Leader is not possible, as the Standby node is not aware of the manual failover and will not accept the promotion request.

= The cause of the issue is that the token is not correctly encoded. A token is a string of characters that represents a credential or an authorization grant for accessing a resource. A token must be encoded according to a specific format and standard, such as Base64, JSON Web Token (JWT), or OAuth 2.0. If the token is malformed, meaning that it does not follow the expected format or standard, the server will reject the token and return an error 401 - Malformed Authorization Token. This error indicates that the token is invalid or expired, and the request is unauthorized. To resolve the issue, the token must be regenerated or refreshed using the correct encoding method and parameters12. References: =

CyberArk Identity: Getting 401 unauthorized Error when using API calls with OAuth2 Client 2, Resolution 1

Troubleshoot CyberArk Vault Synchronizer 1, Error: Forbidden Logon Token is Empty - Cannot logon Unauthorized

The correct order for prioritization of the findings is as follows:

A new vulnerability scanner project is nearing completion and is expected to go into production soon. This scanner is owned by the Security Team that owns CyberArk. This finding should be prioritized first because it has the highest urgency, feasibility, and alignment with the Security Team’s goals. The vulnerability scanner is a critical security tool that needs to protect its credentials from unauthorized access. The Security Team can leverage their own expertise and authority to implement the Secrets Manager solution for this project without much delay or dependency.

A large, high performance application under PCI DSS regulation will require many CPs. This will require a license purchase. The procurement process can take 6-12 months. The development team is eager to work with Security on this project. This finding should be prioritized second because it has a high impact, compliance requirement, and stakeholder support. The application handles sensitive payment card data that needs to be secured by the Secrets Manager solution. The development team is willing to collaborate with the Security Team on this project and can help with the technical aspects of the implementation. However, this finding also has a high cost and a long lead time due to the license purchase and the procurement process.

A small, internally developed application under HIPPA regulation needs updates to the application code to retrieve secrets from a Secrets Manager solution. The development team stated they cannot accommodate this work before next quarter. This finding should be prioritized third because it has a moderate impact, compliance requirement, and feasibility. The application handles protected health information that needs to be secured by the Secrets Manager solution. The development team is aware of the need to update the application code to integrate with the Secrets Manager solution, but they have other priorities and constraints that prevent them from doing so in the near term.

Here's the reasoning behind this order:

1. New vulnerability scanner project:

This project directly impacts CyberArk's Security Team, making it a high priority due to potential internal security concerns. Additionally, its near-completion state suggests a quicker implementation timeframe.

2. Large application under PCI DSS:

While this application requires significant resources and time investment due to license purchase and development, its high performance and PCI DSS regulation compliance mandate prioritization. Delaying this project could potentially lead to security vulnerabilities and compliance issues.

3. Small application under HIPAA:

Although HIPAA regulation necessitates compliance, the application's size and development team's delay request suggest a lower priority compared to the previous two projects. However, it should still be addressed within the next quarter as mandated by the development team.

B. Review the log file ‘CreateEnv.log’ and investigate any error messages it contains.

This is the best option because the CreateEnv.log file records the steps and results of creating the CP environment in the Vault during the installation. The CP environment includes the safe, the provider user, the application user, and the application identity. If any errors occurred when creating the CP environment, they will be logged in this file and may indicate a problem with the Vault connection, the credential file, the permissions, or the configuration. Reviewing the log file can help to identify and resolve the root cause of the errors and ensure the CP environment is properly set up.

Continuing configuring the application to use the CP without further action is not a good option because it may lead to unexpected or inconsistent behavior of the CP or the application. The errors that occurred when creating the CP environment may affect the security, availability, or integrity of the credentials or the application. Ignoring the errors may also make it harder to troubleshoot or fix them later.

Running setup.exe again and selecting ‘Recreate Vault Environment’ is not a good option because it may overwrite or delete the existing CP environment and cause more errors or conflicts. Recreating the Vault environment should only be done after reviewing the log file and understanding the cause of the errors. Moreover, recreating the Vault environment may require more privileges than creating it for the first time, as some objects may be already in use or locked.

Reviewing the PVWA logs to determine which REST API call used during the installation failed is not a good option because it may not provide enough information or context to understand or resolve the errors. The PVWA logs may show the HTTP status codes or messages of the REST API calls, but they may not show the details or parameters of the calls or the responses. The PVWA logs may also contain other unrelated or irrelevant entries that may confuse or distract from the errors. The CreateEnv.log file is a more specific and reliable source of information for the errors that occurred when creating the CP environment.

The CCP (Central Credential Provider) is a tool that enables applications to securely retrieve credentials from CyberArk Secrets Manager without hard-coding or storing them in files. The CCP can be installed on a single server or on multiple servers behind a load balancer for high availability and scalability. The load balancer is a device or service that distributes the network traffic among the CCP servers based on predefined rules and criteria.

The CCP supports multiple methods to authenticate applications, such as Allowed Machines, Client Certificate, OS User, Path, and Hash. These methods are based on registering information in the Vault with the unique application ID. For more information about the supported authentication methods, see Application authentication methods1.

When installing the CCP and configuring it for use behind a load balancer, some authentication methods may be affected by the load balancer’s behavior and settings. Specifically, the following authentication methods may be affected:

Allowed Machines authentication: This method authenticates applications based on their IP address or hostname. If the load balancer replaces the source IP or hostname of the routed packets with its own IP or hostname, the CCP will not be able to authenticate the application that initiated the credential request. To enable the CCP to resolve the IP or hostname of the application, the load balancer needs to be configured as a transparent proxy or to attach the X-Forwarded-For header to the routed packets. For more information, see Load balance the Central Credential Provider2.

Client Certificate authentication: This method authenticates applications based on their client certificate that is signed by a trusted certificate authority (CA). The client certificate is used to establish a secure and trusted connection between the application and the CCP. If the load balancer terminates the SSL connection before proxying the traffic to the CCP, the CCP will not be able to verify the client certificate of the application. To enable the CCP to validate the client certificate, the load balancer needs to be configured as a pass-through proxy or to forward the client certificate to the CCP. For more information, see Load balance the Central Credential Provider2.

The other authentication methods are not affected by the load balancer, as they do not rely on the IP, hostname, or certificate of the application. For example, the OS User method authenticates applications based on their Windows domain user, the Path method authenticates applications based on their URL path, and the Hash method authenticates applications based on a hash value that is generated from the application ID and a shared secret. These methods do not require any special configuration on the load balancer or the CCP.

This is the correct answer because the Conjur CLI is a tool that allows users to interact with the Conjur REST API from the command line. The Conjur CLI can be run on Windows, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and macOS operating systems, as well as in Docker containers. The Conjur CLI can be installed using various methods, such as downloading the executable file, using a package manager, or pulling the Docker image. The Conjur CLI supports Conjur Enterprise 12.9 or later versions. This answer is based on the CyberArk Secrets Manager documentation1 and the CyberArk Secrets Manager training course2.

The other options are not true statements for the Conjur CLI. The Conjur CLI can be run from any machine that has network access to the Conjur server, not only from the Conjur Leader node. The Conjur Leader node is the node that performs read/write operations on the Conjur database and policy engine, and hosts the Conjur UI and API endpoints. The Conjur CLI is not required for working with the Conjur REST API, as users can also use other tools, such as curl, Postman, or web browsers, to send HTTP requests to the Conjur REST API. The Conjur CLI does implement the Conjur REST API for managing Conjur resources, such as roles, policies, secrets, and audit records. The Conjur CLI provides a set of commands that correspond to the Conjur REST API endpoints and allow users to perform various operations on the Conjur resources.

The appropriate Secrets Manager solution for each scenario is as follows:

token based retrieval of secrets, such as OIDC or JWT: Conjur

workloads requiring the fastest secrets delivery performance possible: ASCP

agentless workload authentication that relies on OS User: CCP

These solutions are described in the Secrets Management Tools page of the CyberArk website

C. docker exec evoke ca import – –no-restart

This is the correct command to import the root CA certificate into Conjur. The evoke ca import command is used to import a certificate authority (CA) certificate into the Conjur appliance. The certificate can be either a root CA or an intermediate CA. The – –no-restart option prevents the Conjur appliance from restarting after importing the certificate. The parameter specifies the path and name of the root CA certificate file to be imported. This command will add the root CA certificate to the trusted CA store of the Conjur appliance, which is used to validate the certificates of the clients and servers that communicate with Conjur. This command is documented in the Conjur documentation1 and the Conjur training course2.

The other options are not correct commands to import the root CA certificate into Conjur. The evoke import command does not exist. The – –root option is not a valid option for the evoke ca import command. The ca import command is not a valid docker exec command.