Free Practice Questions for CyberArk SECRET-SEN Exam

 Secrets Provider and Secretless are two solutions that can minimize the Kubernetes application code changes required to adopt Conjur for secrets access. Secrets Provider is a Kubernetes Job or Deployment that runs as an init container or application container alongside the application pod. It retrieves secrets from Conjur and writes them to one or more files in a shared, mounted volume. The application can then consume the secrets from the files without any code changes, as reading local files is a common and platform-agnostic method. Secretless is a sidecar proxy that runs as a separate container in the same pod as the application. It intercepts the application’s requests to protected resources, such as databases or web services, and injects the secrets from Conjur into the requests. The application does not need to handle any secrets in its code, as Secretless handles the authentication and authorization for it. References: CyberArk Secrets Provider for Kubernetes, Secretless Broker

The exhibit shows a JSON object that contains the replication status of a database in a Secrets Manager cluster. Secrets Manager is a secrets management solution that securely stores and manages secrets and credentials used by applications, DevOps tools, and other systems. Secrets Manager can be deployed in a cluster mode, which consists of a Leader node and one or more Follower nodes. The Leader node is the primary node that handles all write operations and coordinates the replication of data to the Follower nodes. The Follower nodes are read-only nodes that replicate data from the Leader node and serve requests from clients and applications that need to retrieve secrets or perform other read-only operations.

To confirm that the Follower has a current copy of the database, you can compare the pgcurrentxlog_locationlocation from the Leader to the Follower you need to validate against. The pgcurrentxlog_locationlocation is a property that indicates the current position of the write-ahead log (WAL) in the database. The WAL is a mechanism that records all changes made to the database in a sequential log file, before they are applied to the actual data files. The WAL ensures the durability and consistency of the database in case of a crash or a power failure. The WAL also enables the replication of data from the Leader node to the Follower nodes, by streaming the WAL records to the Follower nodes and applying them to their local databases.

By comparing the pgcurrentxlog_locationlocation from the Leader to the Follower, you can determine how far behind the Follower is from the Leader in terms of the WAL records. If the pgcurrentxlog_locationlocation values are identical or very close, it means that the Follower has a current copy of the database, and that the replication is working properly. If the pgcurrentxlog_locationlocation values are different or far apart, it means that the Follower has an outdated copy of the database, and that there is a replication lag or a replication failure. In that case, you may need to troubleshoot the replication issue and resolve it as soon as possible.

References = Secrets Manager Cluster Installation; Secrets Manager Cluster Configuration; Write-Ahead Logging - PostgreSQL Documentation

According to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation, Conjur is a secrets management solution that consists of a leader node and one or more follower nodes. The leader node is responsible for managing the secrets, policies, and audit records, while the follower nodes are read-only replicas that can serve secrets requests from applications. Additionally, Conjur supports a standby node, which is a special type of follower node that can be promoted to a leader node in case of a leader failure. A standby node is synchronized with the leader node and can take over its role in a disaster recovery scenario. A possible Conjur node role change is when a standby node is promoted to a leader node, either manually or automatically, using the auto-failover feature. A follower node cannot be promoted to a leader node, as it does not have the same data and functionality as the leader node. A standby node cannot be promoted to a follower node, as it already has the same capabilities as a follower node, plus the ability to become a leader node. A leader node cannot be demoted to a standby node in the event of a failover, as it would lose its data and functionality and would not be able to resume its role as a leader node. References: 1: Conjur Architecture 2: Deploying Conjur on AWS 3: Auto-failover

 According to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation, the Secrets Provider for Kubernetes can be deployed as an init container or a sidecar in Push-to-File mode. In Push-to-File mode, the Secrets Provider pushes Conjur secrets to one or more secrets files in a shared volume in the same Pod as the application container. The application container can then consume the secrets files from the shared volume. The deployment option that should be used to support rotation with Push-to-File mode is the sidecar, because the sidecar can run continuously and check for updates to the secrets in Conjur. If changes are detected, the sidecar can update the secrets files in the shared volume. The init container, on the other hand, runs to completion and does not support rotation. The application container and the service broker are not valid deployment options for the Secrets Provider for Kubernetes in Push-to-File mode. References: 1: Secrets Provider - Init container/Sidecar - Push-to-File mode 2: Secrets Provider - init container/sidecar - Push-to-File mode

This is the most likely cause of this issue because it creates a discrepancy between the passwords stored in the Primary Vault and the DR Vault, which affects the Vault Conjur Synchronizer service (Synchronizer) and the application. The Synchronizer is a service that synchronizes secrets from the CyberArk Vault to the Conjur database. The application is a client that retrieves secrets from the Conjur database using the Conjur REST API. The CPM is a component that manages the lifecycle of the passwords stored in the CyberArk Vault, such as changing, verifying, and reconciling them. If the CPM is writing password changes to the Primary Vault while the Synchronizer is configured to replicate from the DR Vault, the following scenario may occur:

The CPM changes the password for an account in the Primary Vault and updates the password value in the Vault database.

The Synchronizer does not detect the password change in the DR Vault, as the DR Vault database has not been updated yet with the new password value.

The Synchronizer does not sync the new password value to the Conjur database, as it assumes that the password value in the DR Vault database is the latest and correct one.

The application requests the password value from the Conjur database and receives the old password value, which is different from the new password value in the Primary Vault database.

The application tries to use the old password value to access the target platform or device and fails, as the target platform or device expects the new password value.

This answer is based on the CyberArk Secrets Manager documentation1 and the CyberArk Secrets Manager training course2.

Create an authenticator policy for each authenticator and then load the policy to Conjur.

Add each authenticator to conjur.yml using this format: .

Execute evoke configuration apply.

Comprehensive Explanation: Authenticators are plugins that enable Conjur to authenticate requests from different types of clients, such as Kubernetes, Azure, or LDAP. To configure authenticators, you need to follow these steps:

Create an authenticator policy for each authenticator and then load the policy to Conjur. This step defines the authenticator as a resource in Conjur and grants permissions to the users or hosts that can use it. You can use the policy templates provided by Conjur for each authenticator type, or create your own custom policy. For more information, see Define Authenticator Policy.

Add each authenticator to conjur.yml using this format: . This step enables the authenticator service on the Conjur server and specifies the service ID that identifies the authenticator instance. The service ID must match the one used in the policy. For more information, see Enable Authenticators.

Execute evoke configuration apply. This step applies the changes made to the conjur.yml file and restarts the Conjur service. This is necessary for the authenticator configuration to take effect. For more information, see Apply Configuration Changes.

References: The steps to configure authenticators are explained in detail in the Configure Authenticators section of the CyberArk Conjur Enterprise documentation. The image in the question is taken from the same source.

= Summon is a command-line tool that provides on-demand secrets access for common DevOps tools. It reads a file in secrets.yml format and injects secrets as environment variables into any process. The secrets.yml file is where you define which secrets to retrieve from a trusted store, such as CyberArk Secrets Manager. The secrets.yml file specifies the name and location of each secret, as well as the environment variable to assign it to. For example, a secrets.yml file could look like this:

DB_USERNAME: !var dev/my-app/db-username DB_PASSWORD: !var dev/my-app/db-password

This means that Summon will fetch the values of dev/my-app/db-username and dev/my-app/db-password from the trusted store, and assign them to the environment variables DB_USERNAME and DB_PASSWORD, respectively. Then, Summon will run the specified process with these environment variables set, and remove them once the process exits. This way, Summon enables secure and convenient access to secrets without exposing them in plain text or storing them in files.

References = Summon by cyberark - GitHub Pages; Using Summon to Manage Secrets as You Move From Dev to Prod

Credential Providers are tools that enable applications to securely retrieve credentials from CyberArk Secrets Manager without hard-coding or storing them in files. Credential Providers can be installed on application servers or on a central server that acts as a proxy for multiple applications. Credential Providers can integrate with Privileged Cloud, which is a cloud-based solution that provides privileged access management as a service. Privileged Cloud integrates with Secrets Manager Credential Providers to manage application credentials as privileged accounts within Privileged Cloud.

When working with Credential Providers in a Privileged Cloud setting, a special consideration is that if there are installation issues, troubleshooting may need to involve the Privileged Cloud support team. This is because the installation of Credential Providers in a Privileged Cloud setting requires some additional steps and configurations that are performed by the Privileged Cloud support team. For example, the Privileged Cloud support team needs to configure the connection between Privileged Cloud and Credential Providers, and provide the necessary certificates and keys for secure communication. Therefore, if there are any problems or errors during the installation process, the Privileged Cloud support team may need to assist with the troubleshooting and resolution.

The other options are not correct. Credential Providers are supported in a Privileged Cloud setting, as described in the Secrets Manager Credential Providers integration documentation1. The AWS Cloud account number does not need to be defined in the file main appprovider.conf.. found in the AppProviderConf Safe. This file is used to configure the Credential Provider settings, such as the Privileged Cloud URL, the application ID, and the SSL options. The AWS Cloud account number is not relevant for this file. Debug logging for Credential Providers deployed in a Privileged Cloud setting can be enabled or disabled by the Privileged Cloud support team, as described in the Credential Provider installation documentation2. Debug logging can help with troubleshooting and diagnostics, but it does not necessarily exhaust available disk space, as the log files can be rotated and archived.

References = Secrets Manager Credential Providers integration; Credential Provider installation