Free Practice Questions for CertNexus AIP-210 Exam

 Transparency is an ethical principle that describes the degree to which an AI system can provide clear and understandable information about its inputs, outputs, processes, and decisions. Transparency can help increase trust and confidence among users and stakeholders, as well as enable accountability and responsibility for the system’s actions and outcomes. Logging and storing historical predictions for potential, future access requests is an example of transparency, as it can help provide evidence and explanation for the system’s recommendations, as well as facilitate auditing and feedback.

Logit-transformation is a common way to transform proportion data into a continuous variable that can be used for linear regression. However, one concern with this approach is that noisy data could become more influential in your model. This is because logit-transformation tends to amplify the values close to 0 and 1, which are also the values that are likely to be affected by measurement errors or outliers. This could distort the relationship between the dependent and independent variables and bias the regression coefficients. References: [Logit Transformation | Real Statistics Using Excel], [Logit transformation for proportions - Cross Validated]

 Independence is an assumption of linear regression that states that the errors (residuals) of the model are independent of each other, meaning that they are not correlated or influenced by previous or subsequent errors. Independence can be violated when the data has serial correlation or autocorrelation, which means that the value of a variable at a given time depends on its previous or future values. This can happen when the data is collected over time (time series) or over space (spatial data). In this case, the data is collected over time from a group of subjects, which may introduce serial correlation among the errors.

Ridge regression is a type of regularization technique that can help reduce collinearity among independent variables. It does this by adding a penalty term to the ordinary least squares (OLS) objective function, which shrinks the coefficients of highly correlated variables towards zero. This reduces the variance of the coefficient estimates and improves the stability and accuracy of the regression model. References: Multicollinearity in Regression Analysis: Problems, Detection, and Solutions - Statistics By Jim, A Beginner’s Guide to Collinearity: What it is and How it affects our regression model - StrataScratch

When concept drift is detected in the pipeline, it means that the model performance has degraded over time due to changes in the underlying data generating process. This requires retraining the model with new data that reflects the current situation and updating the model parameters accordingly. References: Use pipeline parameters to retrain models in the designer - Azure Machine Learning | Microsoft Learn, Retraining Model During Deployment: Continuous Training and Continuous Testing

Hidden attacks are malicious activities that aim to compromise or manipulate an ML system without being detected or noticed. Hidden attacks can target different stages of an ML workflow, such as data collection, model training, model deployment, or model monitoring. Some examples of hidden attacks are data poisoning, backdoor attacks, model stealing, or adversarial examples. Continuous monitoring of bias and variance can help ML engineers to prevent hidden attacks, as it can help them detect any anomalies or deviations in the data or the model’s performance that may indicate a potential attack.

Accuracy is a measure of how well a classifier can correctly predict the class of an instance. Accuracy is calculated by dividing the number of correct predictions (true positives and true negatives) by the total number of predictions. True positives are instances that are correctly predicted as positive (belonging to the target class). True negatives are instances that are correctly predicted as negative (not belonging to the target class).