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An unlisted company which is owned and managed by its original founders has accumulated excess cash following many years of profitable trading.

The Board of Directors is comprised of the four original founders who each hold 25% of the equity share capital.

 

Which THREE of the following will be significant considerations when deciding on the company's dividend policy? 

A.

The adequacy of the pension funds of the original founders. 

B.

The impact of the dividend policy on the company's share price.

C.

The cash requirements of the shareholders in the foreseeable future.

D.

The dividend policy of listed companies in the same industry.

E.

Income tax rates and the personal tax liabilities of the shareholders.

Listed Company A has prepared a valuation of an unlisted company. Company B. to achieve vertical integration Company A is intending to acquire a controlling interest in the equity of Company B and therefore wants to value only the equity of Company B.

The assistant accountant of Company A has prepared the following valuation of Company B's equity using the dividend valuation model (DVM):

Where:

• S2 million is Company B's most recent dividend

• 5% is Company B's average dividend growth rate over the last 5 years

• 10% is a cost of equity calculated using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), based on the industry average beta factor

Which THREE of the following are valid criticisms of the valuation of Company B's equity prepared by the assistant accountant?

A.

The DVM calculation should use Company A's cost of equity rather than Company B's cost of equity

B.

It is better to use the present value of earnings rather than present value of dividends to value a controlling interest

C.

The 5% growth rate may not reflect the future growth of Company B.

D.

The beta factor used may not reflect Company B's financial risk.

E.

An unlisted company cannot use the capital asset pricing model to calculate its cost of equity

A listed company is planning to raise $21.6 million to finance a new project with a positive net present value of $5 million.  The finance is to be raised via a rights issue at a 10% discount to the current share price.  There are currently 100 million shares in issue, trading at $2.00 each.

 

Taking the new project into account,  what would the theoretical ex-rights price be?

 

Give your answer to two decimal places.

 

$ ?  

Company U has made a bid for the entire share capital of Company B.

Company U is offering the shareholders in Company B the option of either a share exchange or a cash alternative.

 

Advise the shareholders in Company B which THREE of the following would be considered disadvantages of accepting the cash consideration?

A.

Cash consideration is certain whereas Company U's future share price performance is uncertain.

B.

Interest rates on deposit accounts are currently at a historic low and are expected to remain low.

C.

Company U is not expected to change its dividend policy post-acquisition.

D.

Taxation is payable on realised capital gains.

E.

There will be no opportunity to participate in the future economic success of Company U.

Company C is a listed company. It is currently considering the acquisition of Company D. The original founder of Company C currently owns 52% of the shares.

Alternative forms of consideration for Company D being considered are as follows:

• Cash payment, financed by new borrowing

• issue of new shares in Company C

Which of the following is an advantage of a cash offer over a share-for exchange from the viewpoint of the original founder of Company C?

A.

A share for share exchange would result in a significant change in control of Company C whereas a cash offer would not.

B.

A share-for-share exchange would require the approval shareholders in Company C but a cash offer would not.

C.

A share-for-share exchange would require the approval of the Competition Authorities but a cash offer would not.

D.

A cash offer would result in a lower gearing ratio therefore reduce the weighted overage cost of capital whereas a cash offer would not.

Company H is considering the valuation of an unlisted company which it hopes to acquire.

It has obtained the target company's financial statements.

Company H has been advised that the book value of net assets as shown in the financial statements of the target company does not provide a reliable indicator of their true value.

 

Advise the Board of Directors which of the following THREE statements are disadvantages of the net asset basis of valuation?

A.

The net book value of assets is merely a record of past transactions which complies with accounting conventions.

B.

The net book value of assets can be obtained from the financial statements. 

C.

Intangible assets are often not shown in the company's financial statements.

D.

The net realisable value is usually different from the net book value shown in the financial statements.  

E.

The net book value of current assets is normally a reliable indicator of their realisable value.

Select the most appropriate divided for each of the following statements:

The Board of Directors of a listed company wish to estimate a reasonable valuation of the entire share capital of the company in the event of a takeover bid.

The company's current profit before taxation is $10 0 million.

The rate of corporate tax is 20%.

The average P/E multiple of listed companies in the same industry is 10 times current earnings.

The P/E multiple of recent takeovers in the same industry have ranged from 11 times to 12 times current earnings.

The average P/E multiple of the top 100 companies on the stock market is 16 times current earnings.

Advise the Board of Directors which of the following is a reasonable estimate of a range of values of the entire share capital in the event of a bid being made for the whole company?

A.

Minimum = $110 million, and maximum = $120 million.

B.

Minimum = $88 million, and maximum = $96 million.

C.

Minimum = S100 million, and maximum = $120 million.

D.

Minimum = S80 million, and maximum = $128 million.

Company A is planning to acquire Company B.

 

Company A's managers think they can improve the performance of Company B to the extent that its own P/E ratio should be applied to Company B's earnings.

 

Relevant Data:

  

 

What is the expected synergy if the acquisition goes ahead? 

 

Give your answer to the nearest $ million.

  

$ ?  million

A listed company plans to raise $350 million to finance a major expansion programme.

The cash flow projections for the programme are subject to considerable variability.

Brief details of the programme have been public knowledge for a few weeks.

The directors are considering two financing options, either a rights issue at a 20% discount to current share price or a long term bond.

 

The following data is relevant:

  

The company's share price has fallen by 5% over the past 3 months compared with a fall in the market of 3% over the same period.

The directors favour the bond option.

However, the Chief Accountant has provided arguments for a rights issue.

 

Which TWO of the following arguments in favour of a right issue are correct?

A.

The issue of bonds might limit the availability of debt finance in the future.

B.

The recent fall in the share price makes a rights issue more attractive to the company.

C.

The rights issue will lead to less pressure on the operating cash flows of the programme.

D.

The WACC will decrease assuming Modigliani and Miller's Theory of Capital Structure without taxes applies.

E.

The administrative costs of a rights issue will be lower.