Free Practice Questions for CCE Global CPCE Exam

An authoritarian parenting style is characterized by high demands and low responsiveness. Parents set strict rules, expect obedience, and provide little open dialogue. “Authoritarian parents are rigid, expect strict adherence to rules, and allow little room for negotiation.”

Homogeneity in group counseling refers to the degree of similarity among members, particularly in terms of shared goals or purposes. Groups with a high level of homogeneity are typically formed around a commonality of purpose, which can enhance cohesion and effectiveness.

Mindfulness is an evidence-based self-care strategy that counselors can use to reduce stress, prevent burnout, and promote overall well-being. Mindfulness involves being present and fully engaged in the moment without judgment, which can improve emotional regulation and resilience to workplace challenges. Depersonalization and countertransference are not self-care strategies; in fact, they are potential negative effects of burnout and stress.

In Gestalt therapy, developed by Fritz Perls, unexpressed emotions such as rage, hatred, or grief are referred to as unfinished business. These unresolved feelings persist and interfere with present functioning until they are acknowledged and worked through.

The Solomon four-group design is a true experimental design that specifically controls for the effects of taking a pretest. It involves four groups: two that receive a pretest and two that do not. This setup allows researchers to determine if the pretest itself has an effect on the outcomes, increasing internal validity. “The Solomon four-group design is the only experimental design that controls for both the effects of pretesting and treatment.”

The psychoanalytic orientation in group counseling, rooted in Freud’s theory, places strong emphasis on the influence of early childhood experiences (the past), unconscious motives, anxiety, and resistance to change. “Psychoanalytic groups focus on uncovering unconscious conflicts, past experiences, and the dynamics of resistance and anxiety.”

Internal validity is the extent to which a study can demonstrate a causal relationship between variables and rule out other possible explanations for the observed outcomes. High internal validity means the changes in the dependent variable are due to manipulation of the independent variable.

The primary role of supervision is to improve the counselor’s clinical functioning through guidance, feedback, and support. Supervision is a process designed to enhance the counselor’s skills, ensure ethical and effective practice, and promote professional growth. While evaluation and problem-solving are components of supervision, the overarching goal is to improve the counselor's effectiveness and client outcomes.

Psychodrama is a group counseling theory developed by J. L. Moreno that employs techniques such as role reversal and future projection. These techniques involve clients enacting scenarios, assuming roles, and exploring future possibilities within a dramatic framework to gain insight and resolve conflicts. “Role reversal and future projection are hallmark interventions in psychodrama groups, providing opportunities for experiential learning and catharsis.”