Free Practice Questions for Amazon Web Services CLF-C02 Exam

AWS Budgetsallows users to set custom cost and usage budgets and receive notifications when they exceed their thresholds. It provides detailed reports on cost and usage data for the past and current months, enabling the finance team to track and analyze spending.

AWS Budgets can automatically generate cost and usage reports, which can help the finance team plan ahead for each quarter based on historical data.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon Detective: A security service for analyzing and investigating AWS account activity for security purposes, not cost tracking.

B. AWS Pricing Calculator: A tool to estimate costs based on expected usage, not for tracking actual past usage.

D. AWS Savings Plans: An offering to save costs on AWS usage; it does not provide cost tracking or reporting features.

Amazon Elastic Transcoder is a media transcoding service that enables companies to convert video and audio files into formats optimized for playback on various devices, including smartphones. It automates the transcoding process and supports a wide array of video and audio formats, making it ideal for converting files into mobile-friendly formats. Services like Amazon Comprehend, Rekognition, and Polly do not perform media transcoding functions.

An IAM credential report is a feature of AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) that allows you to view and download a report that lists all IAM users in your account and the status of their various credentials, such as passwords, access keys, and MFA devices. You can use this reportto audit the security status of your IAM users and ensure that they follow the best practices for credential management1. References: 1: AWS Documentation - IAM User Guide - Getting credential reports for your AWS account

According to the AWS shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for security of the cloud, while customers are responsible for security in the cloud. This means that AWS is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs AWS services, such as hardware, software, networking, and facilities. Customers are responsible for managing their data, classifying their assets, and using IAM tools to apply the appropriate permissions. For abstracted services, such as Amazon DynamoDB, AWS operates the infrastructure layer, the operating system, and platforms, and provides customers with public endpoints to store and retrieve data. Customers are responsible for classifying their data, managing their encryption options, and configuring their access permissions. References: Shared Responsibility Model, Security and compliance in Amazon DynamoDB, [AWS Cloud Practitioner Essentials: Module 2 - Security in the Cloud]

AWS Application Composer is a service that allows users to visually design and build serverless applications. Users can drag and drop components, such as AWS Lambda functions, Amazon API Gateway endpoints, Amazon DynamoDB tables, and Amazon S3 buckets, to create aserverless application architecture. Users can also configure the properties, permissions, and dependencies of each component, and deploy the application to their AWS account with a few clicks. AWS Application Composer simplifies the design and configuration of serverless applications, and reduces the need to write code or use AWS CloudFormation templates. References: AWS Application Composer, AWS releases Application Composer to make serverless ‘easier’ but initial scope is limited

AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is designed to integrate with various AWS services to encrypt data at rest. It provides a secure and highly available service to create, control, and manage encryption keys used to encrypt your data. AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) is for managing SSL/TLS certificates, AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is for managing user access and permissions, and AWS Security Hub is for security monitoring and compliance, but none of these services provide data encryption at rest like AWS KMS.QUESTION NO: 298

A company has an AWS Business Support plan. The company needs to gain access to the AWS DDoS Response Team (DRT) to help mitigate DDoS events.

Which AWS service or resource must the company use to meet these requirements?

A. AWS Shield Standard

B. AWS Enterprise Support

C. AWS WAF

D. AWS Shield Advanced

Answer: D

AWS Shield Advanced provides enhanced protection against DDoS attacks and includes access to the AWS DDoS Response Team (DRT) to help mitigate complex DDoS events. AWS Shield Standard offers basic DDoS protection, which is included with AWS services, but does not provide access to the DRT. AWS WAF is a web application firewall, and AWS Enterprise Support is a premium support plan but does not specifically provide DDoS mitigation services or access to the DRT.

The correct answer is B and C. EC2 Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) and Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) snapshots are two AWS services that provide disaster recovery solutions for Amazon EC2 instances.

EC2 AMIs are preconfigured templates that contain the software configuration and data required to launch an EC2 instance. You can create AMIs from your running EC2 instances and use them to launch new instances in the same or different AWS Regions. This way, you can quickly recover your EC2 instances in case of a disaster that affects your primary Region or Availability Zone1.

Amazon EBS snapshots are incremental backups of your Amazon EBS volumes. You can create snapshots of your volumes and store them in Amazon S3, which is a highly durable and scalable storage service. You can use snapshots to restore your volumes to a previous point in time or to create new volumes from snapshots. Snapshots can also be copied across AWS Regions, enabling you to recover your data in another Region in case of a disaster2.

The other options are not directly related to disaster recovery for EC2 instances:

EC2 Reserved Instances are a pricing model that allows you to reserve EC2 capacity for a specific period of time and receive a discount on the hourly charge. Reserved Instances do not provide any disaster recovery benefits, as they are only a billing option3.

AWS Shield is a managed service that protects your AWS resources from distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. AWS Shield provides basic protection for all AWS customers at no additional charge, and advanced protection for customers who need higher levels of detection and mitigation. AWS Shield does not provide any disaster recovery benefits, as it is only a security service4.

Amazon GuardDuty is a threat detection service that monitors your AWS account and workloads for malicious or unauthorized activity. Amazon GuardDuty analyzes various data sources, such as AWS CloudTrail, Amazon VPC Flow Logs, and DNS logs, to identify potential threats and alert you via Amazon CloudWatch Events or AWS Lambda. Amazon GuardDuty does not provide any disaster recovery benefits, as it is only a monitoring service5.

AWS Storage Gateway is a hybrid cloud storage service that provides on-premises access to virtually unlimited cloud storage. You can use AWS Storage Gateway to simplify storage management and reduce costs for key hybrid cloud storage use cases. One of these use cases is tape-based backup, which allows you to store data backups on virtual tapes in the AWS Cloud. You can use the Tape Gateway feature of AWS Storage Gateway to extend your existing physical tape library to the AWS Cloud. Tape Gateway provides a virtual tape infrastructure that scales seamlessly with your backup needs and eliminates the operational burden of provisioning, scaling, and maintaining a physical tape infrastructure123. References: 1: CloudStorage Appliances, Hybrid Device - AWS Storage Gateway - AWS, 2: AWS Storage Gateway Documentation, 3: AWS Storage Gateway Features | Amazon Web Services

Amazon CloudWatch alarm is an AWS service or feature that can initiate an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling action based on CPU utilization. Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring and observability service that collects and tracks metrics, logs, events, and alarms for your AWS resources and applications. Amazon CloudWatch alarms are actions that you can configure to send notifications or automatically make changes to the resources you are monitoring based on rules that you define67.

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling is a service that helps you maintain application availability and allows you to automatically add or remove EC2 instances according to definable conditions. You can create dynamic scaling policies that track a specific CloudWatch metric, such as CPU utilization, and define what action to take when the associated CloudWatch alarm is in ALARM. When the policy is in effect, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling adjusts the group’s desired capacity up or down when the threshold of an alarm is breached89. References: 6: Cloud Monitoring - Amazon CloudWatch - AWS, 7: Amazon CloudWatch Documentation, 8: Dynamic scaling for Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, 9: Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling Documentation

AWS Direct Connect is an AWS service that allows users to establish a dedicated network connection between their on-premises data center and the AWS Cloud. This connection bypasses the public internet and provides more predictable network performance, reduced bandwidth costs, and increased security. Users can choose from different port speeds and connection types, and use AWS Direct Connect to access AWS services in any AWS Region globally. Users can also use AWS Direct Connect in conjunction with AWS VPN to create a hybrid network architecture that combines the benefits of both private and public connectivity. References: AWS Direct Connect, [AWS Cloud Practitioner Essentials: Module 3 - Compute in the Cloud]

Amazon SageMakeris a fully managed service that provides every developer and data scientist with the ability to build, train, and deploy machine learning (ML) models quickly. It offers integrated Jupyter notebooks for data exploration, pre-built algorithms, and automatic model tuning to optimize hyperparameters.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon Personalize: A managed machine learning service that provides personalized recommendations, but does not offer the full suite of ML tools for building, training, and deploying models.

B. Amazon Comprehend: A natural language processing (NLP) service, not a general-purpose ML model building and deployment service.

C. Amazon Forecast: A managed service specifically for creating accurate forecasts using machine learning, not for general-purpose ML model development.

AWS Global Accelerator is a service that improves network performance by sending traffic through the AWS worldwide network infrastructure. It uses the AWS global network to direct TCP or UDP traffic to a healthy application endpoint in the closest AWS Region to the client. This provides improvements in terms of latency, throughput, and jitter. Global Accelerator also introduces features such as TCP termination at the edge, jumbo frame support, and large receive side window and TCP buffers to optimize data transfer12. Route table, AWS Transit Gateway, and Amazon VPC are not services or features that improve network performance by sending traffic through the AWS worldwide network infrastructure. Route table is a resource that defines how traffic is routed within a VPC3. AWS Transit Gateway is a service that enables you to connect your VPCs and on-premises networks to a single gateway4. Amazon VPC is a service that lets you provision a logically isolated section of the AWS Cloud where you can launch AWS resources in a virtual network that you define5. References: Achieve up to 60% better performance for internet traffic with AWS Global Accelerator, Improving Performance on AWS and Hybrid Networks, Route tables, AWS Transit Gateway, Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

Spot Instancesare the most cost-effective EC2 instance purchasing option for batch workloads that can handle interruptions and can be restarted from where they left off. Spot Instances offer significant cost savings (up to 90%) over On-Demand Instances by using spare EC2 capacity. They are ideal for workloads that are fault-tolerant and flexible in terms of timing.

A. Reserved Instances: Incorrect, as they require a long-term commitment and do not offer the flexibility needed for short-term, interruptible workloads.

C. Dedicated Instances: Incorrect, as they are designed to run on hardware dedicated to a single customer, which is more expensive.

D. On-Demand Instances: Incorrect, as they are more expensive than Spot Instances and are used for applications that require immediate or predictable capacity.

AWS Cloud References:

Amazon EC2 Spot Instances

AWS Lambdais a serverless compute service that allows users to run code in response to events without provisioning or managing servers. It automatically scales the application by running code only when needed, and users are charged only for the compute time consumed. This service is ideal for applications that require event-driven compute functions.

B. AWS CloudFormation: Incorrect, as it is an infrastructure-as-code service that helps users automate the deployment of AWS resources, not a serverless compute service.

C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk: Incorrect, as it is a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) that still involves managing servers, even though it abstracts much of the infrastructure management.

D. Elastic Load Balancing: Incorrect, as it is a service for distributing incoming application or network traffic across multiple targets, not a serverless compute service.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Lambda

Moving to the AWS Cloud offers several advantages, including increased speed and agility, which allows users to experiment, innovate, and iterate faster by using the global AWS infrastructure. Additionally, AWS offers massive economies of scale due to its large customer base, leading to lower pay-as-you-go prices. AWS does not assume all responsibilities for the security of infrastructure and applications; it follows a shared responsibility model. Also, not all AWS services can be implemented in seconds, and physical hardware cannot be moved from a user’s data center to the AWS Cloud.

AnApplication Load Balancer (ALB)is the best choice for distributing incoming HTTP/HTTPS traffic evenly across multiple Amazon EC2 instances. It operates at theapplication layer (Layer 7 of the OSI model) and is specifically designed to handle HTTP and HTTPS traffic, which is ideal for web applications.

Here is why the ALB is the correct choice:

Layer 7 Load Balancing: The ALB works at the application layer and provides advanced routing capabilities based on content. It can inspect the incoming HTTP requests and make decisions on how to route traffic to various backend targets, which include Amazon EC2 instances, containers, or Lambda functions. This is particularly useful for web applications where you need to make routing decisions based on HTTP headers, paths, or query strings.

HTTP and HTTPS Support: The ALB natively supports HTTP and HTTPS protocols, making it the ideal load balancer for web-based applications. It can efficiently manage and route these types of traffic and handle tasks such as SSL/TLS termination.

Health Checks: The ALB can continuously monitor the health of the registered EC2 instances and only route traffic to healthy instances. This ensures high availability and reliability of the web application.

Path-based and Host-based Routing: The ALB can route traffic based on the URL path or host header. This feature allows the same load balancer to serve multiple applications hosted on different domains or subdomains.

Integration with Auto Scaling: The ALB can integrate seamlessly with Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling. As the number of EC2 instances increases or decreases, the ALB automatically includes the new instances in its traffic distribution pool, ensuring even distribution of incoming requests.

WebSocket Support: It also supports WebSocket and HTTP/2 protocols, which are essential for modern web applications that require real-time, bidirectional communication.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling: This service is used to automatically scale the number of EC2 instances up or down based on specified conditions. However, it does not provide load balancing capabilities. It works well with load balancers but does not handle the distribution of incoming traffic by itself.

C. Gateway Load Balancer: This is designed to distribute traffic to virtual appliances like firewalls, IDS/IPS systems, or deep packet inspection systems. It operates at Layer 3 (Network Layer) and is not ideal for distributing HTTP/HTTPS traffic to EC2 instances.

D. Network Load Balancer: This load balancer operates at Layer 4 (Transport Layer) and is designed to handle millions of requests per second while maintaining ultra-low latencies. It is best suited for TCP, UDP, and TLS traffic but does not provide advanced Layer 7 routing features required for HTTP/HTTPS traffic.

Amazon EC2 is the most suitable AWS service for this workload. Amazon EC2 provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. You can launch virtual servers, called instances, and configure them according to your needs. You can choose from different instance types, sizes, and families, and pay only for the resources you use. Amazon EC2 also offers features such as auto scaling, load balancing, security groups, and placement groups to optimize your performance, availability, and security1. Amazon EC2 is ideal for workloads that require consistent and reliable compute power, such as data processing, web hosting, gaming, and high-performance computing2. The other services are not suitable for this workload. AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. You pay only for the compute time you consume. Lambda is best for short-lived, stateless, and event-driven workloads that can becompleted in under 15 minutes3. AWS CodeDeploy is a deployment service that automates application deployments to Amazon EC2 instances, on-premises instances, serverless Lambda functions, or Amazon ECS services. CodeDeploy is not a compute service, but a tool to help you update your applications with minimal downtime4. AWS Wavelength is a service that delivers ultra-low latency applications for 5G devices. Wavelength embeds AWS compute and storage services at the edge of telecommunications providers’ 5G networks. Wavelength is designed for mobile edge computing, such as interactive gaming, video streaming, and augmentedreality. References: Amazon EC2, Amazon EC2 Use Cases, AWS Lambda, AWS CodeDeploy, [AWS Wavelength]

Under the AWS shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for the security "of" the cloud, which includes the physical infrastructure, networking, and hypervisor layer. The customer, however, is responsible for security "in" the cloud, which includes managing the security of their data, patching and maintaining their guest operating system and applications, and managing identity and access. The responsibilities of shredding disk drives, preventing packet capture at the hypervisor level, and physical monitoring are handled by AWS as part of its responsibility for security "of" the cloud.

AWS WAF is a web application firewall that helps protect web applications from common web exploits, such as SQL injection attacks. It allows customers to create custom rules that block malicious requests. AWS Shield is a managed service that protects against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, not SQL injection attacks. Network ACLs and security groups are network-level security features that filter traffic based on IP addresses and ports, not web requests or SQL queries. References: [AWS WAF], [AWS Shield], [Network ACLs], [Security groups]