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Your new client stands with the palms of his hands facing in a posterior direction. What condition could be attributing to this position?

A.

Scapular protraction due to weak pectorals

B.

Scapular protraction due to tight pectorals and weak rhomboids

C.

Scapular retraction due to weak rhomboids and infraspinatus

D.

Scapular retraction due to a weak latissimus dorsi muscle

An acceptable professional publication to use as a personal training resource is:

A.

Muscle and Fitness.

B.

Shape magazine.

C.

Berkeley Wellness Newsletter.

D.

Journal of the American Medical Association.

What is an appropriate exercise for strengthening spinal muscles for a client with spinal osteoporosis?

A.

Abdominal crunches with thoracic flexion

B.

Barbell bent-over rows

C.

Alternating quadruped (bird dog)

D.

Pilates roll-up

Your client has successfully followed her workout program for six months, losing 15 pounds (7 kg) and maintaining her lean body mass. Over the last month she has become a bit bored with the program, and improvements have tapered off significantly. She still wants to lose an additional 2% body fat. She has been performing aerobic exercise sessions for 35 minutes, two times per week and strength training two times per week, doing two sets of 15-20 repetitions. What is the BEST approach to help her reach her goal?

A.

Maintain her current program, explaining that she is making progress and needs to allow more time for noticeable results.

B.

Recommend reducing caloric intake to 1.200 calories and increasing the volume of her strength training workouts.

C.

Increase aerobic activity to four times per week and strength training to three times per week. D. Increase aerobic activity to three times per week and increase resistance while decreasing the number of repetitions in her strength-training program.

After six weeks of program participation, your training client has become interested in learning about post-exercise nutrition. Based on the principles of glycogen resynthesis, you tell her that her post-exercise snacks should include which of the following?

A.

20 grams of protein and some carbohydrates

B.

20 grams of protein and no carbohydrates

C.

100 grams of carbohydrates and some protein

D.

100 grams of carbohydrates and no protein

J.

For several months, a 56-year-old lawyer who has type 1 diabetes has been diligently working with a personal trainer for one-hour sessions three or four times per week and doing something active six days per week. Over the past two weeks, the client has canceled some sessions with the personal trainer because of a new court case. When the client Is working out with the personal trainer, the client's output has been noticeably less. What would be an appropriate way for the personal trainer to address the client's pattern of inconsistency?

A.

Inform the client that working out needs to be a priority in order to regulate type 1 diabetes. Tell the client that an hour commitment three to four times per week is not impossible.

B.

Ask the client about obstacles that keep the client from making the training on time. Continue to educate the client about the importance of staying active to help regulate type 1 diabetes.

C.

Continue to bill the client for sessions that the client is missing. The personal trainer is running a business, and the client needs to figure out personal matters and make the sessions that have been scheduled.

D.

Ask the client about obstacles that keep the client from making the training on time. If the client is incapable of training for an hour with the personal trainer, modify the workouts to a timeframe to which the client can commit. Continue to educate the client about the importance of staying active to help regulate type 1 diabetes.

Your 50-year-old male client has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and is unsure about how and when to exercise in order to manage his blood sugar. Which of the following recommendations would you give the client?

A.

Encourage your client to exercise at the same time each day for better control and to avoid exercising during periods of peak insulin activity.

B.

Encourage your client to train with endurance activities, such as walking, swimming, and cycling, at an intensity of 85% of cardiac reserve for long duration three days per week.

C.

Recommend that he inject insulin into the primary muscle groups that will be used during exercise because the insulin will be absorbed quickly, resulting in a better blood sugar balance.

D.

Explain that exercise should be curtailed if pre-exercise blood glucose is greater than 200 mg/dL or greater than 240 mg/dL with urinary ketone bodies.

What muscles function as stabilizers during push-ups?

A.

Pectorals

B.

Biceps

C.

Triceps

D.

Abdominals

Based on the three-site Jackson and Pollock protocol for estimating body fat in women, which of the following skin fold site locations is CORRECT?

A.

A horizontal fold on the thigh midway between the hip and knee joint

B.

A vertical fold on the posterior mid-line of the triceps, midway between the acromion and

olecranon processes

C.

A diagonal fold on the chest, 1/3 the distance between the anterior axillary line and the nipple

D.

A vertical fold of the abdominal 2 inches to the left of the umbilicus

What is the recommended spotting position for a squat?

A.

Behind the client, prepared to put arms around the client's upper torso

B.

Beside the client, prepared to grab the bar

C.

In front of the client, prepared grab the bar

D.

A position with full view of the client's technique