Free Practice Questions for VMware 2V0-71.23 Exam

To register the vSphere management cluster in VMware Tanzu Mission Control, an administrator can use either the web console or the CLI of VMware Tanzu Mission Control. The web console provides a graphical user interface to perform the registration, while the CLI provides a command-line interface to run a script that automates the registration process. Both methods require the administrator to have access to the vSphere management cluster and to provide some information such as the cluster name, context, and namespace. The registration process creates a service account and a secret in the vSphere management cluster, and generates a kubeconfig file that is used by VMware Tanzu Mission Control to connect to the cluster. References: VMware Tanzu Mission Control Documentation, Registering a vSphere Management Cluster

 L7 ingress in NodePortLocal mode is an ingress mode that leverages the integration between NSX Advanced Load Balancer and Antrea. NSX Advanced Load Balancer (NSX ALB) is a solution that provides L4 and L7 load balancing and ingress control for Kubernetes clusters5. Antrea is a Kubernetes networking solution that implements the Container Network Interface (CNI) specification and uses Open vSwitch (OVS) as the data plane6. In NodePortLocal mode, the ingress backend service must be ClusterIP mode, and Antrea assigns a unique port on each node for each pod that serves as a backend for the service. The network traffic is routed from the client to the NSX ALB Service Engine (SE), and then directly to the pods without going through the nodes or kube-proxy. This mode reduces network latency and improves performance by avoiding extra hops7.

The following diagram illustrates how the network traffic is routed in NodePortLocal mode:

!NodePortLocal mode diagram

The other options are incorrect because:

L7 ingress in NodePort mode is an ingress mode that does not leverage the integration between NSX ALB and Antrea. In this mode, the ingress backend service must be NodePort mode, and the network traffic is routed from the client to the NSX ALB SE, and then to the cluster nodes, before it reaches the pods. The NSX ALB SE routes the traffic to the nodes, and kube-proxy helps route the traffic from the nodes to the target pods. This mode requires an extra hop for kube-proxy to route traffic from node to pod7.

L7 ingress in ClusterIP mode is an ingress mode that does not leverage the integration between NSX ALB and Antrea. In this mode, the ingress backend service must be ClusterIP mode, and Antrea assigns a virtual IP (VIP) for each service. The network traffic is routed from the client to the NSX ALB SE, and then to one of the VIPs assigned by Antrea, before it reaches the pods. The NSX ALB SE routes the traffic to one of the VIPs, and kube-proxy helps route the traffic from the VIPs to the target pods. This mode requires an extra hop for kube-proxy to route traffic from VIPs to pod7.

L7 ingress in Nodelntegration mode is not a valid ingress mode for NSX ALB.

References: NSX Advanced Load Balancer, Antrea, NSX ALB as L7 Ingress Controller

Two services that require Transport Layer Security (TLS) certificates to provide encryption in VMware Tanzu Service Mesh are:

Certificate Authority (CA) Service: A service that issues certificates to services in the service mesh to enable mutual TLS (mTLS) communication between them. The CA service uses a root certificate to sign the certificates for the services, and verifies the identity of the services using the certificates. The CA service also rotates the certificates periodically to ensure security8.

Public Service: A service that exposes an internal service in the service mesh to external clients over HTTPS. The public service uses a TLS certificate to encrypt the traffic between the external clients and the internal service, and to authenticate itself to the clients. The TLS certificate must match the domain name of the public service9.

The other options are incorrect because:

Internal Service: A service that runs inside the service mesh and communicates with other services using mTLS. The internal service does not require a TLS certificate, but rather uses a certificate issued by the CA service to enable mTLS10.

Proxy Service: A service that acts as an intermediary between an internal service and an external service, such as a database or an API. The proxy service does not require a TLS certificate, but rather uses a certificate issued by the CA service to enable mTLS with the internal service. The proxy service also uses the external service’s certificate to verify its identity11.

External Service: A service that runs outside the service mesh and communicates with an internal service over HTTPS or TCP. The external service does not require a TLS certificate from Tanzu Service Mesh, but rather uses its own certificate to encrypt the traffic with the internal service, and to authenticate itself to the internal service.

References: Certificate Authority (CA) Service, Public Services, Internal Services, Proxy Services,

The command that can be used to upgrade a VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Cluster that is managed by VMware Tanzu Mission Control is tmc cluster upgrade [version] . This command allows you to upgrade a managed cluster to a newer version of Kubernetes that is supported by Tanzu Mission Control5. The version flag is optional and specifies the target version of Kubernetes. If not specified, the command upgrades the cluster to the latest available version5. The clustername argument is required and specifies the name of the cluster to upgrade5. References: Upgrade Kubernetes on Your Cluster - VMware Docs

VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid supports StorageClass objects for different storage types, provisioned by Kubernetes internal (“in-tree”) or external (“out-of-tree”) plug-ins. Two of the supported storage types are vSphere Cloud Native Storage (CNS) and Amazon EBS. vSphere Cloud Native Storage (CNS) is a vSphere feature that provides persistent storage for Kubernetes clusters running on vSphere 6.7 or later. CNS integrates with the vSphere Container Storage Interface (CSI) driver to dynamically provision persistent volumes backed by First Class Disks on a datastore1. Amazon EBS is a block storage service that provides persistent storage for Amazon EC2 instances. EBS volumes can be attached to EC2 instances as block devices, and can be used to create persistent volumes for Kubernetes clusters running on AWS2. Both CNS and EBS support dynamic provisioning of persistent volumes using StorageClass objects with the provisioner field set to csi.vsphere.vmware.com and kubernetes.io/aws-ebs respectively12. References: Back Up and Restore Cluster Workloads - VMware Docs, Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) - Amazon Web Services

The statement that describes Harbor accurately is that Harbor is an open source registry that secures artifacts with policies and role-based access control, ensures images are scanned and free from vulnerabilities, and signs images as trusted. Harbor is a cloud native repository for Kubernetes that provides features such as image management, vulnerability scanning, content signing, access control, replication, and quota management3. Harbor is a graduated project of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) and is integrated with VMware Tanzu products and services4. References: Harbor, Harbor - CNCF

The Tanzu CLI is a command-line tool that enables users to interact with VMware Tanzu products and services. It must be installed upfront to deploy VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid management cluster, as it provides commands to create, configure, scale, upgrade, and delete management clusters on different platforms. The Tanzu CLI also allows users to create workload clusters from the management cluster, and to perform various operations on both types of clusters. References: VMware Tanzu CLI Documentation, [Deploying Management Clusters with the Tanzu CLI]

A Container Storage Interface (CSI) in VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid is a plug-in that allows providers to expose storage as persistent storage for Kubernetes clusters. CSI is a standard interface that defines an abstraction layer for container orchestrators to work with storageproviders3. VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid supports StorageClass objects for different storage types, provisioned by Kubernetes internal (“in-tree”) or external (“out-of-tree”) plug-ins. Two of the supported storage types are vSphere Cloud Native Storage (CNS) and Amazon EBS, which use the vSphere CSI driver and the AWS EBS CSI driver respectively4. References: Tanzu Kubernetes Storage Class Example - VMware Docs, Deploying and Managing Cloud Native Storage (CNS) on vSphere - VMware Docs

Four policy types that are supported by VMware Tanzu Mission Control are:

Security policy: Security policies allow you to manage the security context in which deployed pods operate in your clusters by imposing constraints on your clusters that define what pods can do and which resources they have access to6.

Access policy: Access policies allow you to use predefined roles to specify which identities (individuals and groups) have what level of access to a given resource7.

Network policy: Network policies allow you to use preconfigured templates to define how pods communicate with each other and other network endpoints8.

Custom policy: Custom policies allow you to implement additional business rules, using templates that you define, to enforce policies that are not already addressed using the other built-in policy types9.

References: Policy-Driven Cluster Management - VMware Docs