Free Practice Questions for The SecOps Group CAP Exam

The request is a POST to /dashboard/userdata with a parameter useragent=http://127.0.0.1/admin. The response is a 200 OK with an HTML page titled "Admin Panel," suggesting the server processed the request and returned content from http://127.0.0.1/admin. Let’s evaluate the vulnerability:

Analysis: The useragent parameter contains a URL (http://127.0.0.1/admin), and the server appears to fetch content from this URL, as indicated by the response containing the "Admin Panel" page. The URL 127.0.0.1 refers to the server’s localhost, meaning the server is making an internal request to itself based on user input. This is a hallmark of Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), where an attacker can trick the server into making requests to arbitrary locations, including internal systems (e.g., 127.0.0.1) or external sites. SSRF can lead to accessing internal resources (e.g., admin panels, metadata endpoints) or performing unauthorized actions.

Option A ("HTTP Desync Attack"): HTTP Desync attacks exploit discrepancies in how front-end and back-end servers interpret HTTP requests (e.g., smuggling requests). This scenario involves a straightforward POST request with no evidence of desynchronization or smuggling, so this is incorrect.

Option B ("File Path Traversal Attack"): File Path Traversal involves manipulating file paths (e.g., ../../etc/passwd) to access unauthorized files on the server’s filesystem. The useragent parameter contains a URL, not a file path, and the response indicates a web request, not filesystem access, so this is incorrect.

Option C ("Open URL Redirection"): Open URL Redirection occurs when the server redirects the client to a user-supplied URL (e.g., via a Location header). The response here is a 200 OK, not a redirect (e.g., 302 Found), and the server is fetching content server-side, not redirecting the client, so this is incorrect.

Option D ("Server-Side Request Forgery"): Correct, as the server is making a request to http://127.0.0.1/admin based on the useragent parameter, indicating an SSRF vulnerability.

The correct answer is D, aligning with the CAP syllabus under "Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)" and "OWASP Top 10 (A10:2021 - Server-Side Request Forgery)."References: SecOps Group CAP Documents - "SSRF Vulnerabilities," "Input Validation for URLs," and "OWASP SSRF Prevention Cheat Sheet" sections.

SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) is an open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, particularly in the context of single sign-on (SSO). It is based on XML and is widely used to enable secure web-based authentication and authorization across different domains. The correct full form isSecurity Assertion Markup Language, where "Assertion" refers to statements about a subject (e.g., identity, attributes), "Markup" indicates the XML-based structure, and "Language" denotes the defined syntax.

Option A ("Security Assertion Markup Language"): This is the correct and official full form of SAML as defined by OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards).

Option B ("Security Authorization Markup Language"): Incorrect, as "Authorization" is not part of the acronym; SAML focuses on both authentication and authorization assertions.

Option C ("Security Assertion Management Language"): Incorrect, as "Management" is not part of the acronym; SAML is about markup, not management.

Option D ("Secure Authentication Markup Language"): Incorrect, as "Secure" is not part of the acronym, and SAML covers more than just authentication.

The correct answer is A, aligning with the CAP syllabus under "Authentication and Authorization" and "Single Sign-On (SSO) Standards."References: SecOps Group CAP Documents - "SAML Overview," "Authentication Protocols," and "OWASP Identity Management" sections.

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