Free Practice Questions for SAP C_TS422_2022 Exam

 A work center hierarchy is a business object in PP/DS that defines the structure and sequence of resources that are used for a production process. You use this object to represent the logical and physical dependencies of the resources and to control the scheduling and sequencing of the operations or orders. A work center hierarchy allows you to modelthe production flow and capacity more realistically and ensure the technical feasibility of the production plan1

A work center hierarchy can also be used to cumulate the available capacity and capacity requirements of the resources in capacity planning. You can cumulate the available capacities from subordinate work centers to a superior work center level in order to determine the total available capacity for the superior work center. This way, you can use a work center hierarchy as a group of alternative work centers that provide a cumulative available capacity for production23

References:

Work center hierarchy | SAP Help Portal

Work Center Hierarchy - SAP Help Portal

Highlights for Manufacturing in SAP S/4HANA 2021 – Part 2: Production Planning, Engineering, Operations | SAP Blogs

Lead time scheduling is a method of scheduling production orders that calculates the start and finish dates of each operation based on the operation duration, interoperation time, and other time elements. The time elements that are relevant for lead time scheduling of a production order are:

Setup time: The time required to prepare the work center for the operation, such as changing tools, adjusting machines, or cleaning the work area.

Processing time: The time required to perform the operation, such as machining, assembling, or testing the product.

Teardown time: The time required to restore the work center to its original state after the operation, such as removing tools, resetting machines, or disposing of waste.

Interoperation time: The time between two consecutive operations, such as transportation, waiting, or inspection time.

Float before production: The time buffer before the scheduled start date of the production order, which can be used to compensate for delays or changes in the production plan.

Float after production: The time buffer after the scheduled finish date of the production order, which can be used to compensate for delays or changes in the production plan.

The opening period and the total replenishment lead time are not relevant for lead time scheduling of a production order. The opening period is a parameter that defines the earliest possible start date of a production order, based on the material availability date and the planning time fence. The total replenishment lead time is a parameter that defines the total time required to procure or produce a material, from the time the requirement is identified until the time the material is available for use.

References: [Production Planning with SAP S/4HANA], pages 177-179; [SAP Help Portal: Lead Time Scheduling].

A scheduling agreement is a long-term agreement with a vendor for the supply of materials or services at predefined dates and quantities. To enable classic MRP to automatically create schedule lines in case of material shortage, you must do the following:

Add the agreement to the source list and mark it for MRP relevance. The source list is a list of possible sources of supply for a material, such as vendors, contracts, or scheduling agreements. By adding the agreement to the source list and setting the MRP indicator, you specify that the agreement is a valid and preferred source of supply for the material.

Set the creation indicator for delivery schedule lines on the initial screen of the MRP run. The creation indicator determines whether the MRP run creates procurement proposals, such as purchase requisitions, planned orders, or delivery schedule lines. By setting the creation indicator for delivery schedule lines, you instruct the MRP run to create schedule lines for the scheduling agreement, based on the material requirements and the agreement conditions.

Adding the agreement to the quota arrangement and marking it for MRP relevance is not necessary, as the quota arrangement is used to distribute the total requirements of a material among several sources of supply. Setting the creation indicator for purchase requisition on the initial screen of the MRP run is not correct, as the purchase requisition is a different type of procurement proposal than the delivery schedule line. References: Scheduling Agreement | SAP Help Portal, Source List | SAP Help Portal, MRP Run | SAP Help Portal.

Consumption-based planning is a planning procedure that uses past consumption data to calculate the future requirements of materials. It does not consider the dependent requirements of higher-level materials, but only the independent requirements from sales orders, forecasts, or stock transfers. Consumption-based planning is suitable for B and C materials, which have low value, low demand variability, and high availability. Consumption-based planning reduces the planning efforts for these materials, as it does not require the maintenance of BOMs, routings, or production versions. Consumption-based planning can be further divided into reorder point planning, forecast-based planning, and time-phased planning, depending on the method of determining the reorder point and the lot size12 References:

Consumption-Based Planning - SAP Help Portal

SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide, Chapter 3: Material Requirements Planning, Section 3.1: Planning Procedures, Page 67

 To set up a make-to-order planning scenario for a finished material, you need to choose planning strategy 20 (Make-to-Order) and select the corresponding Individual/Collective indicator for the components in the bill of material. This way, you can control whether the components are procured individually or collectively for the sales orders. The following steps explain how to achieve this:

In the material master record of the finished material, you need to select the MRP type PD (MRP) and the strategy group 20 (Make-to-Order) in the MRP 1 view. This means that the finished material is planned based on the sales order requirements and not on the forecast12.

In the bill of material of the finished material, you need to select the Individual/Collective indicator for each component. This indicator determines whether the component is procured individually for each sales order or collectively for all independent requirements. For the component that should be procured for each sales order individually, you need to select the indicator 2 (Individual requirements only). For the component that should be procured jointly for all independent requirements, you need to select the indicator 1 (Collective requirements only)3 .

When you create a sales order for the finished material, the system generates a sales order item and a planned independent requirement for the finished material. The planned independent requirement is used as a planning element in MRP and triggers the procurement of the components according to the Individual/Collective indicator. For the component with indicator 2, the system creates a dependent requirement that is linked to the sales order item. For the component with indicator 1, the system creates an independent requirement that is not linked to the sales order item .

References:

1: SAP Help Portal: Make-to-Order Production

2: SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide, Chapter 2: Demand Management

3: SAP Help Portal: Individual/Collective Requirements

: SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide, Chapter 3: Material Requirements Planning

: SAP Help Portal: Requirements Planning

: SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide, Chapter 4: Advanced Planning

The duration of an operation for production is determined by the combination of data maintained in the routing and the work center. The routing defines the sequence of operations, the work centers, and the standard values for each operation, such as setup time, processing time, and teardown time. The work center defines the capacity, the formulas, and the scheduling parameters for each operation, such as base quantity, operation rate, and queue time. The system calculates the duration of an operation by multiplying the standard values from the routing by the factors from the work center formulas and adding the scheduling parameters from the work center. For example, if the routing specifies a processing time of 10 minutes per unit and the work center formula is processing time = (processing time / base quantity) * operation quantity, and the base quantity is 100 units, then the duration of the operation for 50 units is (10 / 100) * 50 = 5 minutes.

The bill of material (BOM) © and the material master (D) are not data objects that determine the duration of an operation for production. The BOM defines the components and the quantities that are required for producing a material. The material master defines the general and specific attributes of a material, such as the material type, the unit of measure,the MRP data, and the production data. These data objects are relevant for planning the material requirements and the production costs, but not the operation duration. References:

https://help.sap.com/docs/SAP_S4HANA_ON-PREMISE/c00ad2cac7be4ef29a4461ba114e4f91/051ebf53d25ab64ce10000000a174cb4.html

https://learning.sap.com/learning-journeys/manage-production-orders-in-sap-s-4hana-manufacturing/scheduling-production-orders_cc390d5f-b87c-4c4d-9472-8bb10ea4f476

One-off events: These are special events that affect the demand for a product, such as promotions, holidays, or product launches. You can use the one-off events function in SAP S/4HANA to create and maintain events and assign them to products. The system considers the events when generating the forecast and adjusts the demand accordingly.

Past sales order quantities: These are the historical data of the actual sales orders for a product. You can use the past sales order quantities as the basis for forecasting the future demand. The system applies statistical methods and algorithms to analyze the past sales order quantities and identify the trends, patterns, and seasonality of the demand.

Market intelligence: This is the external information that influences the demand for a product, such as market research, competitor analysis, or customer feedback. You can use the market intelligence function in SAP S/4HANA to import and integrate market data from various sources into the forecast. The system adjusts the demand based on the market intelligence data and the weighting factors that you define. References: Exploring the Steps of Supply Chain Planning; SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing II, Unit 2: Demand Management; [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], page 76.

The MRP planning file is a list of all materials relevant to the planning run. The system sets an entry in the planning file for a material when there is a change that affects the material requirements planning, such as changes to stock, requirements, receipts, or MRP data in the material master. The following processes lead to an entry in the MRP planning file:

Changing the procurement type in the product master, which determines how the material is procured (internally or externally) and affects the MRP procedure and lot-sizing procedure.

Changing the stock in inventory management, which changes the stock/requirements situation of the material and triggers a net requirements calculation.

Changing the purchasing contract in materials management, which creates a purchase requisition as a receipt element and affects the availability of the material. References: Planning File, Planning File Entries for MRP Areas, SAP Exam C_TS422_1909 Topic 10 Question 10 Discussion

Material numbering is the process of assigning unique identifiers to materials in the system. Material numbering is defined at the client level, which means that the same material number can be used for different materials in different clients. However, within a client, the material number must be unique for each material. The material number can be either external or internal. External material numbers are entered manually by the user, while internal material numbers are generated automatically by the system. The maximum material number length is 40 characters for external numbers and 18 characters for internal numbers. The material number length can be customized in the configuration app Define Material Number Lengths1. The material number can also be formatted with prefixes, suffixes, and templates in the configuration app Define Material Number Formats2. References: Define Material Number Lengths | SAP Help Portal, Define Material Number Formats | SAP Help Portal

Phantom assemblies are assemblies that have their own product structure, but whose assembly does not actually physically exist. The components of the phantom assembly are incorporated directly in the superordinate product. The product structure of the superordinate product contains a reference to the phantom assembly. You can use phantom assemblies for the following purposes:

To simplify the structure of bills of material: Phantom assemblies allow you to group components that belong together logically or functionally, without creating an additional level in the product structure. This can make the product structure easier to maintain and understand.

To reduce the number of material masters: Phantom assemblies do not require a material master record in SAP S/4HANA, as they are not physically produced or stored. This can save storage space and reduce the effort of creating and updating material masters.

To reduce the number of changes required in bills of material: Phantom assemblies can be used to represent common subassemblies that are used in multiple products. This way, you only need to maintain the product structure of the phantom assembly once, and any changes will be reflected in all the products that reference it.

Phantom assemblies do not increase the number of planning levels, as they are not considered as separate planning objects. They also do not make the assignment of components easier, as the components are assigned to the superordinate product, not to the phantom assembly. References: Phantom Assembly | SAP Help Portal, Phantom Assembly | SAP Help Portal, Planning Phantom Assemblies | SAP Help Portal.