Free Practice Questions for OMSB OMSB_OEN Exam

Purpose of Throat Culture: A throat culture is performed to detect the presence of pathogens (like bacteria) that cause infections such as strep throat.

Correct Technique:

Uvula and Soft Palate: These are not the primary sites for collecting throat cultures.

Any site of Oral Cavity Mucosa: This is too broad and non-specific.

Tongue and Buccal Mucosa: These sites are not typically infected in throat infections and do not provide accurate culture results.

Oropharynx and Tonsillar Region: The mucosa of the oropharynx and tonsillar region is the most common site of infection in throat infections, making it the appropriate site for swabbing.

Procedure: The nurse should gently swab the oropharynx and tonsillar area, avoiding the tongue and other parts of the oral cavity to avoid contamination and ensure accurate results.

Conclusion: The correct site for collecting a throat culture is the mucosa of the oropharynx and tonsillar region, ensuring the detection of the causative pathogens.References: Clinical nursing skills textbooks, NCLEX-RN review guides, guidelines for throat culture collection.

Swimming is an excellent exercise for individuals with low back pain as it is low-impact and helps strengthen the muscles supporting the back without putting undue stress on it. Sit-ups and leg lifts can strain the back and worsen pain, while running is a high-impact activity that can also exacerbate back pain. Swimming promotes flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health while minimizing the risk of further injury to the back.

Sleep Disorders in Kidney Failure:

Patients with kidney failure often experience various sleep disturbances due to factors like uremic toxins, restless legs syndrome, and sleep apnea.

Priority Intervention:

Somnolence and Parasomnia:These are conditions where patients may feel drowsy or experience abnormal behaviors during sleep, but they are not as immediately concerning.

Hypersomnia:Excessive sleepiness can significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life, making it a priority for intervention.

Somnambulism:Sleepwalking can pose safety risks but is less common and usually less impactful than hypersomnia in kidney failure patients.

References:

National Kidney Foundation (NKF)

American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM)

Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used to treat major depressive disorder. Patients taking MAOIs must avoid foods high in tyramine to prevent hypertensive crises. Parmesan cheese, beef liver, and raisins are high in tyramine and should be avoided. Garlic, fish, egg yolks, milk, peanuts, tomatoes, black beans, and pears do not typically contain high levels of tyramine and are generally safe to consume while taking MAOIs. The dietary restrictions are crucial to preventing dangerous interactions and maintaining patient safety.

Ensuring that staff perform Basic Life Support (BLS) according to the latest American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines involves several strategies, but performing regular mock drills is the best approach.

Reviewing the BLS Policy Periodically: While this is important, it alone does not ensure that staff are up-to-date or proficient in BLS techniques.

Performing Regular Mocks on BLS in the Unit: Regular mock drills provide hands-on practice and allow staff to apply the latest guidelines in a simulated environment. This helps in retaining skills and identifying any gaps in knowledge or performance.

Sending Staff to Renew BLS Certification Every Three Years: Certification renewal is necessary, but practical skills can degrade over time if not regularly practiced.

Monitoring the Staff Performing BLS During the Actual Scene: This is reactive rather than proactive and does not provide an opportunity for practice and improvement without the pressure of a real-life situation.

References:

American Heart Association (AHA): Guidelines for CPR and ECC

National Institutes of Health (NIH): Effective Training Strategies in Healthcare

The student is most likely suffering from hypochondriasis, which is now referred to as illness anxiety disorder in the DSM-5. This condition is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with having a serious illness despite medical reassurance and the absence of significant medical findings. The keyfeatures in this scenario are the student's high absenteeism, frequent complaints of gastrointestinal symptoms, and persistent belief in having a terminal illness despite normal test results. Hypochondriasis involves misinterpreting normal bodily sensations as signs of severe illness and seeking repeated medical evaluations.

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the stage affected in a newborn is the oral stage.

Oral Stage: This stage occurs from birth to about 18 months of age, where the infant's pleasure centers on the mouth through activities like sucking and biting.

Anal Stage: This stage follows the oral stage, from 18 months to 3 years, focusing on bowel and bladder control.

Phallic Stage: This occurs from 3 to 6 years, focusing on the genitals and the differences between males and females.

Latent Stage: This stage occurs from 6 years to puberty, characterized by dormant sexual feelings and a focus on social and intellectual skills.

References:

Freud, S. (1905). Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality.

National Institutes of Health (NIH): Child Development Theories

Understanding Anion Gap:

The anion gap is a calculated value based on the concentrations of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions) in the blood, used to identify the causes of metabolic acidosis.

Normal and Abnormal Values:

Normal Anion Gap:Typically ranges from 8-12 mEq/L, though some sources consider 6-12 mEq/L as normal.

High Anion Gap (> 12):Indicates metabolic acidosis, often due to conditions like ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, or ingestion of toxins.

Low Anion Gap (< 8):Not typically associated with metabolic alkalosis; other conditions like hypoalbuminemia may cause it.

Clinical Relevance:

Anion gap helps clinicians determine the underlying cause of acid-base imbalances and guide appropriate treatment.

References:

American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC)

Mayo Clinic on Anion Gap

The situation describes a breach of confidentiality, which occurs when private patient information is accessed or disclosed without proper authorization.

Negligence: This refers to the failure to provide the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would provide in a similar situation, but it doesn't specifically address unauthorized access to patient information.

Malpractice: This is a type of negligence by a professional, which results in harm to the patient, and usually involves direct patient care rather than record-keeping issues.

Breach of Privacy: This involves the inappropriate disclosure of private information. In this case, using someone else's account does not directly disclose patient information to unauthorized parties.

Breach of Confidentiality: This specifically addresses the unauthorized access or use of patient information, which is exactly what happened when another nurse used the first nurse's account to enter notes.

References:

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Guidelines

American Nurses Association (ANA): Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements