Free Practice Questions for LPI 702-100 Exam

The question mark (?) is a special character in regular expressions that modifies the preceding expression to match zero or one times. For example, the regular expression colou?r matches both color and colour, but not colouur or colr. The question mark is also used to make an expression non-greedy, meaning that it will match the shortest possible string instead of the longest. For example, the regular expression <.?> matches the first pair of angle brackets in a string, while <.> matches the entire string enclosed by the outermost pair of angle brackets. References:

Regular expression - Wikipedia, section “Basic concepts”

How to write Regular Expressions? - GeeksforGeeks, section “Special Characters”

The file /etc/hostname.em0 contains the configuration for the network interface em0 on an OpenBSD system. This file specifies the IP address, netmask, gateway, and other options for the interface. The file is read by the netstart script during boot or when the interface is restarted. The file name is derived from the interface name, which is usually based on the driver name and the device number. For example, em0 is the first interface using the em driver, which supports Intel PRO/1000 network adapters.

References:

Networking | OpenBSD Handbook

[hostname.if(5) - OpenBSD manual pages]

The command grep "non [-] disclosure" legalfile matches the lines in the file that contain the pattern non [-] disclosure, where the brackets indicate a character class that matches either a space or a dash. Therefore, the lines that contain non-disclosure or non - disclosure are matched by the command, while the line that contains disclosure only is not matched. The file has two lines that contain non-disclosure, so the correct answer is E. non-disclosure and non-disclosure Only. References:

grep - IBM

Character Classes and Bracket Expressions - GNU

The file /boot/loader.conf on OpenBSD is used to specify the kernel image that the bootloader should load. This file contains various settings that can be used to control the boot process, including kernel parameters and device driver options.

References:

boot(8) - OpenBSD manual pages

The date command in BSD systems provides the following features:

It outputs the time in a specific format. The date command can display the current date and time in various formats, depending on the options and arguments given. For example, the command date +%Y-%m-%d will output the date in the format of year-month-day, such as 2023-04-30. The command date +%T will output the time in the format of hour:minute:second, such as 22:51:42. The command date +%A will output the full name of the weekday, such as Thursday. The date command supports many formatting characters that can be used to customize the output. For a full list of formatting characters, see the date(1) manual page1.

It sets the clock to a specific time. The date command can also be used to set the system date and time, if the user has the appropriate privileges. For example, the command date 0430225123 will set the date and time to April 30, 2023, 22:51:42. The command date -u 0430225123 will set the date and time to the same value, but in UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) instead of the local time zone. The command date -n will set the date and time to the current network time, using the ntpd(8) daemon1.

The date command does not provide the following features:

It does not display a calendar. The date command only displays the date and time, not a calendar. To display a calendar, the cal(1) or ncal(1) commands can be used instead. For example, the command cal 4 2023 will display the calendar for April 2023. The command ncal -w 2023 will display the calendar for the whole year 2023, with week numbers23.

It does not send NTP queries. The date command does not send any network requests or queries to NTP (Network Time Protocol) servers. To synchronize the system clock with NTP servers, the ntpd(8) daemon or the ntpdate(8) utility can be used instead. For example, the command ntpd -q will query one or more NTP servers and adjust the system clock accordingly. The command ntpdate pool.ntp.org will set the date and time to the value returned by the NTP server pool.ntp.org45.

It does not change the system’s timezone. The date command does not change the system’s timezone setting, only the date and time values. To change the system’s timezone, the tzsetup(8) utility or the ln(1) command can be used instead. For example, the command tzsetup will run an interactive program that allows the user to select a timezone from a list of regions and cities. Thecommand ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Paris /etc/localtime will create a symbolic link from the file /etc/localtime to the file /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Paris, which contains the timezone information for Paris, France . References:

date(1) - FreeBSD

cal(1) - FreeBSD

ncal(1) - FreeBSD

ntpd(8) - FreeBSD

ntpdate(8) - FreeBSD

[tzsetup(8) - FreeBSD]

[ln(1) - FreeBSD]

The symbol / is used in the vi editor to start the forward search for a string. It is followed by the string to be searched and then Enter to execute the search. The vi editor highlights the first occurrence of the string after the cursor position. To find the next occurrence of the string in the same direction, press n. To find the previous occurrence of the string in the opposite direction, press N. References:

How to Search to Find a Word in Vim or Vi Text Editor

How can I switch from forward to backward search in Vim?

How To Search in VI Editor

How to Search in Vim / Vi

The file /etc/rc.conf contains values for Management Information Bases (MIBs) which are set during system startup. This file is used to configure system-wide settings, including the enabling and disabling of services, network settings, and other startup configurations2.

References:

FreeBSD Handbook - The FreeBSD Booting Process

The -e option of the crontab command opens the current user’s crontab in an editor. The editor used is determined by the environment variables VISUAL or EDITOR. If neither of these variables is set, the default editor is vi. The user can edit the crontab file to add, modify, or delete cron jobs, which are scheduled commands or scripts that run at a specified time or interval. The crontab file has the following format:

minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week command

Each field can be a number, a range, a list, or an asterisk (*), which means all possible values. The command can be any valid shell command or script. For example, the following crontab entry runs the backup.sh script every day at 2:30 AM:

30 2 * * * /home/user/backup.sh

To save and install the crontab file, the user needs to exit the editor. The crontab command will check the syntax of the file and report any errors. If the file is valid, it will be installed and the cron daemon will execute the cron jobs according to the schedule. References:

crontab(1) - Linux manual page

FreeBSD Handbook: 11.6. Scheduling Tasks