Free Practice Questions for LPI 701-100 Exam

Packer is a tool for creating machine and container images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration. A Packer template consists of various sections, but the builders section is mandatory.

builders: This section defines the builders that Packer will use to create the machine images. It specifies the platform, source image, and configuration required to build the final image.

The other sections are optional but can be included for more complex configurations:

A. images: Not a standard section in Packer templates.

B. provisioners: Optional section used for provisioning the image after it is built.

D. variables: Optional section for defining variables to be used in the template.

E. post-processors: Optional section for defining actions to be taken after the image is built.

References:

Packer Documentation - Template

Reference https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/mw-1608-tost-trs/index.html

When retrieving a Docker container image from a registry, Docker pulls multiple layers that make up the image. Each layer represents a set of filesystem changes or additions, and these layers are stacked on top of each other to form the complete image.

References: Docker Documentation - Images

The Logstash grok filter provided is designed to match syslog format messages and extract the IP or hostname of the new node. The pattern used is %{SYSLOGBASE} new node %{IPORHOST:node}.

B. Jun 30 00:36:49 headnode clustermanager[12353]: new node 198.51.100.103: This message matches the provided grok pattern because it follows the syslog format and contains "new node" followed by an IP address.

The other options do not match the pattern correctly:

A: Contains additional information after the IP address.

C: Does not follow the syslog format required by SYSLOGBASE.

D: Is not in a valid log format.

E: The timestamp and hostname are out of order compared to the expected format.

References:

Elastic Documentation - Grok Filter Plugin

A Vagrant box file is a compressed archive containing all the necessary components to launch a virtual machine with Vagrant. It typically includes:

Metadata file: This file describes the box, its version, and the provider it supports. It contains information needed by Vagrant to understand how to use the box.

Base file system image: This is the core component of the box, which is a file system image in a format supported by the provider (e.g., VirtualBox, VMware).

The other options are incorrect:

A: Vagrant guest configuration files are not used to create instances of the box.

B: Configuration files for provisioners are not typically included in the box file itself.

C: The installer for the Vagrant version is not included in the box file.

References:

Vagrant Documentation - Box Format

B. When a merge conflict occurs, Git inserts conflict markers into the files to indicate the conflicting sections.

D. The files with conflicts are marked as conflicted in the repository, and you need to manually resolve the conflicts before completing the merge.

References:

Git Documentation - Merge Conflicts

Resolving Merge Conflicts

Container virtualization has significant implications for DevOps practices, and the two main implications are:

Decoupling of Packaging and Infrastructure: Containers encapsulate an application and its dependencies into a single package. This means the application can run consistently across different environments without being affected by differences in the underlying infrastructure. This decoupling facilitates more reliable deployments and easier migration between environments.

Testing Under Production Conditions: Containers can replicate production environments on a developer’s local machine or in a CI/CD pipeline. This allows developers to test their applications under conditions that closely mimic the production environment, which can lead to identifying issues early and ensuring the software behaves as expected when deployed.

The other options are not correct:

Detailed Knowledge of IT Infrastructure: Containers abstract away much of the underlying infrastructure details, so developers do not need in-depth knowledge of it.

Complicating Deployment: Containers simplify deployment through standardization and automation, rather than complicating it.

Application Specific Adjustment: Containers are designed to run applications without the need for significant adjustments specific to the container platform, provided that the container image is correctly configured.

References:

Docker Documentation

Kubernetes Documentation

In Kubernetes, a Deployment manages ReplicaSets and ensures that the specified number of replicas for a given Pod is always maintained. If a Pod managed by a ReplicaSet is terminated (e.g., using the command kubectl delete pod ), the ReplicaSet detects the discrepancy in the desired state (number of replicas) and the actual state. As a result, the ReplicaSet will immediately create a new Pod to replace the terminated one and maintain the desired number of replicas.

Deployment Management: A Kubernetes Deployment is responsible for maintaining the desired state of Pods through ReplicaSets.

ReplicaSet Functionality: A ReplicaSet ensures that a specified number of Pod replicas are running at all times.

Pod Termination: When a Pod is terminated, the ReplicaSet notices the reduction in the number of running Pods.

Replacement Pod Creation: To restore the desired state, the ReplicaSet automatically creates a new Pod to replace the terminated one.

References:

Kubernetes Documentation - Deployments

Kubernetes Documentation - ReplicaSet

In a continuous delivery pipeline, artifacts are the final outputs produced during the build and integration stages. These artifacts are then deployed to different environments for testing and production.

Executable Applications: Artifacts can include executable files like .exe or .jar packages that are ready to be run.

Compiled Packages: Precompiled packages for installation via package managers (e.g., .deb or .rpm files) are suitable artifacts.

Docker Images: Docker container images encapsulate the application and its dependencies, making them ideal artifacts for consistent deployment across environments.

References:

Continuous Delivery

Artifact Repository