An organization wants to become more efficient by reducing the amount of unnecessary work they do. Which approach would be MOST helpful?
Site reliability engineering
Lean OK
Safety culture
DevOps
The Answer Is:
BExplanation:
Lean OK is an approach that would be most helpful for an organization that wants to become more efficient by reducing the amount of unnecessary work they do. Lean OK is a combination of Lean and OKR (Objectives and Key Results), which are two complementary methodologies that aim to optimize value creation and eliminate waste. Lean is a philosophy and a set of principles and practices that focus on delivering value to customers and stakeholders, minimizing waste and inefficiencies, and continuously improving processes and products. OKR is a goal-setting and management framework that helps organizations align their objectives with their vision and strategy, communicate and track their progress, and measure their outcomes and impact. By using Lean OK, an organization can define clear and ambitious objectives that are aligned with customer needs and organizational goals, and set measurable and achievable key results that indicate how well the objectives are met. Lean OK also helps the organization to identify and eliminate any activities or processes that do not contribute to value creation or goal achievement, and to prioritize and optimize the ones that do. Lean OK enables the organization to become more efficient, effective, agile, and customer-centric. References:
https://unichrone.com/blog/it-service-management/lean-itil/
https://www.atlassian.com/blog/technology/what-the-new-itil-4-means-for-you-and-your-team
Which is a purpose of the customer journey?
To understand the interactions between the user and the service provider
To maximize the co-creation of value from both an outcome and experience perspective
To understand the service consumer resources required to deliver the service
To maximize the number of contacts with the customer in order to enhance the service
The Answer Is:
BExplanation:
The customer journey is the complete end-to-end experience customers have with one or more service providers and/or their products through the touchpoints and service interactions with those providers1. The purpose of the customer journey is to understand the needs, expectations, and preferences of the customers and users, and to design, deliver, and improve services that meet those requirements and create value for them. The customer journey also helps to identify the opportunities and challenges for co-creating value with the customers and users, and to optimize the customer experience throughout the service relationship23. By mapping the customer journey, the service provider can ensure that the services are aligned with the customer outcomes and that the service interactions are positive and satisfying for the customers and users4. References:
ITIL 4 Managing Professional: Drive Stakeholder Value5, page 14, section 2.1, paragraph 1
ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition, page 20, section 2.3, paragraph 2
ITIL 4 Managing Professional: Create, Deliver and Support, page 10, section 1.1, paragraph 4
ITIL 4 Managing Professional: Direct, Plan and Improve, page 12, section 1.1, paragraph 3
ITIL 4: Connecting the key concepts Part 4 | Axelos3, paragraph 2
The customer journey and ITIL 4 | Axelos1, paragraph 2
ITIL®4 – Mapping the Customer Journey - ITSM Professor2, paragraph 2
The CIO of a large multi-national organization has noticed that the whole IT department are performing poorly. The CIO is committed to changing the behaviour patterns of their staff to improve performance
across the whole IT department.
Which of the following will BEST help to improve staff behaviour?
Running safe to fail experiments that provide learning opportunities
Comparing the cost of delay' between work items to ensure that financially valuable work is prioritized
Implementing CI/CD toots to deploy software quickly
Adopting Kanban boards to visualise the flow of work across software development teams
The Answer Is:
AExplanation:
Running safe to fail experiments that provide learning opportunities is the best option to improve staff behaviour, as it aligns with the ITIL 4 guiding principle of progress iteratively with feedback1. This principle encourages the use of experimentation and learning from failures to improve the service and the organization. By running safe to fail experiments, the staff can test new ideas, learn from the outcomes, and adapt their behaviour accordingly. This can foster a culture of innovation, collaboration, and continuous improvement in the IT department. The other options are not directly related to improving staff behaviour, but rather to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the service delivery. Comparing the cost of delay between work items to ensure that financially valuable work is prioritized is a technique for value stream optimization, which is part of the ITIL 4 practice of service value stream management2. Implementing CI/CD tools to deploy software quickly is a method for achieving high-velocity IT, which is one of the ITIL 4 specialist modules3. Adopting Kanban boards to visualize the flow of work across software development teams is a tool for implementing agile and lean approaches, which are also part of the ITIL 4 framework3. While these options may have some positive impact on staff behaviour, they are not the primary focus or the best way to achieve it. References: 3, 2, 1
An organization is attempting to improve the design, development and transition of new services. It recognizes that some ways of working are not focused on creating value.
Which is an example of a working practice that the organization should STOP?
Defining the features and functionality of services by relying on the developers' previous experience of designing similar systems for customers
Involving users, customers and other stakeholders when communicating desired outcomes in the form of user stones
Designing systems with the continual involvement of customers to ensure that any changes in requirements are understood as early as possible
Involving customers and users in testing activities to understand whether the service meets the customers' and users’ expectations
The Answer Is:
AExplanation:
This working practice is not focused on creating value because it does not involve the customers or users in defining the requirements and expectations of the service. It also assumes that the developers’ previous experience is relevant and sufficient for the current situation, which may not be the case. This practice may lead to delivering a servicethat does not meet the needs and preferences of the customers or users, or that is not aligned with the organization’s strategy and objectives. References:
ITIL 4 Managing Professional Transition Module Sample Paper - English1, page 6, question 1, answer A
ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition2, page 67, section 4.1.1, paragraph 2
ITIL 4 Managing Professional: Create, Deliver and Support3, page 9, section 1.1, paragraph 3
ITIL 4 Managing Professional: Direct, Plan and Improve4, page 11, section 1.1, paragraph 2
What BEST describes the relationship between planning and risk?
Planning is a high level function, risk management is a tactical activity
Planning should always consider risks and how to mitigate them
Planning focuses on what needs to be accomplished, risk management is part of how work is to be performed
Risk management is the exclusive domain of dedicated risk managers
The Answer Is:
BExplanation:
The correct answer is B because planning is the process of defining and organizing the activities and resources needed to achieve the objectives of a service or product. Planning should always consider the risks that may affect the delivery of value, and how to mitigate them. Risk management is the practice of identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and treating uncertainties that could prevent the achievement of goals or objectives. Risk management is an integral part of planning, as well as other service management practices, such as governance, continual improvement, and change control.
The other options are not correct because they do not describe the relationship between planning and risk accurately. Option A is wrong because planning and risk management are both strategic and tactical functions, depending on the scope and level of detail. Option C is wrong because planning does not only focus on what needs to be accomplished, but also how, when, who, and why. Risk management is not just part of how work is to be performed, but also why and what. Option D is wrong because risk management is not the exclusive domain of dedicated risk managers, but a shared responsibility of all stakeholders involved in service management.
References:
ITIL 4 Managing Professional Transition Module Sample Paper - English, Question 2, Page 5
ITIL 4 Managing Professional: Transition Module | Axelos, Section “What is the ITIL 4 Managing Professional Transition Module?”, Paragraph 3
ITIL® 4 Managing Professional Transition Course Online - Simplilearn, Section “Course Overview”, Paragraph 2
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.1, Page 54
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.2, Page 55
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.3, Page 56
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.4, Page 57
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.5, Page 58
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.6, Page 59
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.7, Page 60
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.8, Page 61
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.9, Page 62
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.10, Page 63
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.11, Page 64
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.12, Page 65
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.13, Page 66
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.14, Page 67
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.15, Page 68
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.16, Page 69
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.17, Page 70
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.18, Page 71
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.19, Page 72
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.20, Page 73
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.21, Page 74
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.22, Page 75
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.23, Page 76
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.24, Page 77
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.25, Page 78
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.26, Page 79
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.27, Page 80
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.28, Page 81
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.29, Page 82
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.30, Page 83
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.31, Page 84
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.32, Page 85
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.33, Page 86
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.34, Page 87
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.35, Page 88
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.36, Page 89
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.37, Page 90
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.38, Page 91
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.39, Page 92
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.40, Page 93
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.41, Page 94
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.42, Page 95
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.43, Page 96
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.44, Page 97
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.45, Page 98
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.46, Page 99
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.47, Page 100
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.48, Page 101
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.49, Page 102
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.50,
A service provider is in a partnership relationship with a service consumer. The services provided are complex with new functionality and improvements constantly being developed using agile methods.
Which is the BEST approach for validating service value?
Perform ad-hoc service reviews and produce reports of service outputs
Work together to identify methods of checking service value and check that value propositions are still valid
Produce service level reports and an analysis of the cost and risks of service delivery
Regularly perform user satisfaction surveys and an analysis of the costs and risks removed from the service consumer
The Answer Is:
BExplanation:
The best approach for validating service value in a partnership relationship with a service consumer is to work together to identify methods of checking service value andcheck that value propositions are still valid. This is because this approach aligns with the ITIL 4 guiding principles of focus on value, collaborate and promote visibility, and progress iteratively with feedback1.
By working together, the service provider and the service consumer can co-create value and ensure that the services delivered meet the needs and expectations of the service consumer and other stakeholders. They can also share information and feedback, and adjust the services accordingly to respond to changing requirements and opportunities. Moreover, they can jointly define the criteria and indicators for measuring and validating the value of the services, such as the outcomes, costs, risks, and benefits23.
The value propositions of the services are the statements that describe the benefits and value that the services offer to the service consumer and other stakeholders. They are based on the understanding of the service consumer’s needs, preferences, and goals. The value propositions should be regularly reviewed and validated to ensure that they are still relevant and accurate, and that they reflect the current and future value of the services45.
The other options are not the best approach for validating service value, because they are either too narrow, too passive, or too reactive. They do not involve the active collaboration and co-creation of value between the service provider and the service consumer, nor do they account for the complexity and agility of the services provided.
References: 1: ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition, AXELOS, 2019, p. 13-15 2: ITIL 4 Direct, Plan and Improve, AXELOS, 2019, p. 97-98 3: Reporting on value in service management, AXELOS, 2021, 3 4: ITIL 4 Create, Deliver and Support, AXELOS, 2019, p. 17-18 5: ITIL 4 Drive Stakeholder Value, AXELOS, 2019, p. 25-26
When an organization has initiated an IT transformation project, which 'organizational change management' activity should it carry out FIRST?
Create a clear picture of what is changing and why it is valuable
Develop a value stream map of the desired future changes
Create corrective action plans for staff who are resistant to the change
Communicate areas of waste that can be eliminated
The Answer Is:
AExplanation:
The correct answer is A because creating a clear picture of what is changing and why it is valuable is the first step in organizational change management. Organizational change management is the practice of ensuring that changes are effectively and smoothly implemented, and that the lasting benefits of change are achieved. Creating a clear picture of the change involves defining the vision, scope, objectives, and benefits of the change, and communicating them to the stakeholders. This helps to create a sense of urgency, alignment, and commitment for the change, and to overcome resistance and ambiguity.
The other options are not correct because they are not the first activity in organizational change management. Developing a value stream map of the desired future changes (option B) is a useful technique to identify and optimize the flow of value, but it is not the first activity. It requires a clear understanding of the change and its value proposition, which is established in option A. Creating corrective action plans for staff who are resistant to the change (option C) is a reactive and punitive approach to change management, which can create more resentment and distrust. It is not the first activity, nor the best practice, in organizational change management. Communicating areas of waste that can be eliminated (option D) is a part of the lean approach to service management, which aims to optimize value by reducing waste and inefficiencies. However, it is not the first activity in organizational change management, as it does not address the vision, scope, objectives, and benefits of the change, which are essential for creating a clear picture of the change.
References:
ITIL 4 Managing Professional Transition Module Sample Paper - English, Question 3, Page 5
ITIL 4 Managing Professional: Transition Module | Axelos, Section “What is the ITIL 4 Managing Professional Transition Module?”, Paragraph 3
ITIL® 4 Managing Professional Transition Course Online - Simplilearn, Section “Course Overview”, Paragraph 2
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 7, Section 7.2.1, Page 146
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 7, Section 7.2.2, Page 147
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 7, Section 7.2.3, Page 148
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 7, Section 7.2.4, Page 149
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 7, Section 7.2.5, Page 150
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 7, Section 7.2.6, Page 151
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 7, Section 7.2.7, Page 152
[ITIL 4 Foundation: ITIL 4 Edition], Chapter 7, Section 7.2.8, Page 153
How should the seven guiding principles be combined when an organization is making a decision?
By using all the guiding principles equally when making any decision
By using the one or two guiding principles that are most relevant to the specific decision
By using the focus on value' principle and one or two others that are relevant to the specific decision
By reviewing each guiding principle to decide how relevant it is to the specific decision
The Answer Is:
DExplanation:
The seven guiding principles of ITIL 4 are not meant to be applied equally or rigidly in every situation. Rather, they are intended to provide guidance and encourage decision making and continual improvement at all levels. Therefore, when an organization is making a decision, it should review each guiding principle to decide how relevant it is to the specific decision, and use the ones that are most appropriate and helpful. For example, some decisions may require more collaboration and visibility than others, or some decisions may benefit from more iteration and feedback than others. The guiding principles are not rules or prescriptions, but rather suggestions and recommendations that can help the organization achieve its objectives and deliver value to its stakeholders. References:
The 7 Guiding Principles of ITIL 4 - IFS Blog1
The 7 ITIL 4 Guiding Principles: Explained in Detail2
The Seven ITIL 4 Guiding Principles & Business Value - Belgium3
What do Lean and Agile consider a barrier to high performance?
Large batch sizes of work
Pulling versus pushing work
Making work visible
Limiting work-in-progress
The Answer Is:
AExplanation:
Large batch sizes of work are considered a barrier to high performance in Lean and Agile because they increase the amount of work in progress (WIP), which leads to longer cycle times, higher variability, lower quality, and reduced feedback and learning. Large batches also increase the risk of waste, rework, and delays, as well as the complexity and uncertainty of the work. Lean and Agile advocate for reducing batch sizes and limiting WIP, which enables faster flow, shorter feedback loops, higher quality, and more value delivery. Some of the practices that help reduce batch sizes and limit WIP are:
Pulling versus pushing work, which means that work is initiated only when there is a demand and capacity for it, rather than being assigned or scheduled in advance.
Making work visible, which means that the status and progress of work are transparent and accessible to all stakeholders, using tools such as Kanban boards, burn-down charts, and dashboards.
Limiting work-in-progress, which means that the number of work items in each stage of the workflow is restricted, based on the available resources and throughput, to prevent bottlenecks and overloading. References:
Which describes the customer journey?
The actions that the user undertakes to be able to use the service
The end-to-end experience customers have with service providers
The actions that the service provider takes to attract new customers
The experience the service user gets from the service provider
The Answer Is:
BExplanation:
The correct answer is B. The end-to-end experience customers have with service providers. This is because the customer journey is a term that describes the complete lifecycle of a customer’s interaction with a service provider, from the initial awareness and engagement, to the purchase and consumption, to the retention and advocacy12. The customer journey helps to understand the customer’s needs, expectations, emotions, and satisfaction at each touchpoint, and to identify the opportunities for improvement and innovation.
A. The actions that the user undertakes to be able to use the service is not the correct answer, because this is only a part of the customer journey, not the whole definition. The user is the person who uses the service, not necessarily the person who pays for it or decides to use it. The actions that the user undertakes to be able to use the service are also known as the user journey, which is a subset of the customer journey12.
C. The actions that the service provider takes to attract new customers is not the correct answer, because this is also only a part of the customer journey, not the whole definition. The service provider is the organization that provides the service, not the customer. The actions that the service provider takes to attract new customers are part of the marketing and sales activities, which are the first stages of the customer journey12.
D. The experience the service user gets from the service provider is not the correct answer, because this is also only a part of the customer journey, not the whole definition. The service user is another term for the user, who may or may not be the customer. The experience the service user gets from the service provider is part of the service delivery and support activities, which are the middle stages of the customer journey12. References:
ITIL 4 Managing Professional Transition Module Sample Paper - English, page 11, question 4, answer B
ITIL 4 Managing Professional Transition Module Candidate Syllabus - English, page 12, learning outcome 1.6
