Free Practice Questions for ISTQB CTFL-Foundation Exam

When what is visible to end-users is a deviation from the specific or expected behavior, it is called a failure. A failure occurs when the software does not perform a function as expected or produces incorrect results, which can be observed by the users. This is distinct from an error, which is a human action that produces an incorrect result, a defect (or bug), which is a flaw in the software, or a fault, which is another term for a defect​​.

Effective communication is crucial during reviews and testing. When testers and reviewers communicate defects as personal criticism rather than focusing on the software product, it can lead to conflicts and a toxic team environment. The ISTQB CTFL Syllabus stresses the importance of maintaining a professional and objective approach to defect reporting to avoid interpersonal conflicts and promote a collaborative atmosphere​​.

Non-functional testing is focused on testing the attributes of a system such as usability, reliability, maintainability, performance, and security. These attributes define how the system operates rather than what the system does. Non-functional testing ensures that the software meets certain criteria that are critical to its operational performance and user satisfaction​​.

The cost of fixing a fault increases as the software progresses through the development lifecycle. Fixing defects identified early in the requirements or design phases is less expensive compared to fixing those found later in testing or after the software has been deployed. This is due to the larger impact on the system, more extensive rework required, and potential disruptions to the user experience in later stages.

The purpose of test completion criteria in a test plan is to define when to stop testing. These criteria are used to determine if sufficient testing has been conducted to meet the test objectives and to decide whether the product is ready for release. They typically include coverage goals, risk levels, defect rates, and other quality indicators. According to the ISTQB CTFL Syllabus, defining test completion criteria helps ensure that testing is both thorough and efficient, avoiding unnecessary testing while ensuring the product meets quality standards​​.

Component testing focuses on the individual parts of the software, often using design specifications, component specifications, or data models to derive test cases. In contrast, system testing evaluates the entire system's functionality and performance, using requirements and functional specifications or usecases to develop test cases. The ISTQB CTFL Syllabus clarifies these distinctions, emphasizing the different sources for test case derivation and the scopes of each testing level​​.

The main objective during development testing is to cause as many failures as possible to identify defects in the software. This proactive approach ensures that defects are discovered and addressed early in the development process, improving the overall quality and reliability of the final product​​.

Incident management tools are most useful during test implementation and execution as this is the stage at which the tool is used to raise, manage, retest and close incidents.

The data collected during the defect life cycle can then be manipulated into information that is useful for other activities within the fundamental test process.

Information on numbers of defects outstanding may be useful for evaluating exit criteria (option (D)). This information could also be used for planning future testing and for taking control (option (A)).

Incident management tools can also assist in test analysis and design (option (B)) as information about defects found when testing the previous release of the system could be used when analyzing the type of testing required for the next enhancement.

A tool that supports traceability, recording of incidents, or scheduling of tests is called a test management tool. These tools help in planning, managing, and tracking the testing process, providing features for managing test cases, tracking defects, and maintaining traceability between test artifacts​​.

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