Free Practice Questions for ISTQB CTAL-TTA Exam

For Multiple Condition Coverage, each combination of conditions must be tested to ensure all possible outcomes are covered. Given the decision IF X < 5 OR Y > 10 THEN and the test inputs X=6 and Y=12 and X=5 and Y=10, we need to find additional test cases to achieve full coverage. The conditions are:

Condition 1: X < 5

Condition 2: Y > 10

Let's examine the options:

Option A:

X=4 and Y=7 (X < 5 is true, Y > 10 is false; overall decision true)

X=10 and Y=15 (X < 5 is false, Y > 10 is true; overall decision true)

X=8 and Y=8 (X < 5 is false, Y > 10 is false; overall decision false)

This set covers all possible outcomes but does not provide the minimal set for MC/DC.

Option B:

X=0 and Y=10 (X < 5 is true, Y > 10 is false; overall decision true)

X=4 and Y=4 (X < 5 is true, Y > 10 is false; overall decision true)

This set does not fully achieve multiple condition coverage as it misses the combination where X < 5 is false and Y > 10 is true.

Option C:

X=2 and Y=12 (X < 5 is true, Y > 10 is true; overall decision true)

X=6 and Y=4 (X < 5 is false, Y > 10 is false; overall decision false)

This set, combined with the initial inputs (X=6 and Y=12, X=5 and Y=10), ensures that all condition combinations are tested, achieving full multiple condition coverage.

Option D:

X=3 and Y=10 (X < 5 is true, Y > 10 is false; overall decision true)

X=0 and Y=15 (X < 5 is true, Y > 10 is true; overall decision true)

This set does not fully achieve multiple condition coverage as it does not test the combination where both conditions are false.

Therefore, the correct answer is C. X=2 and Y=12, X=6 and Y=4.

Analysis:

Web-based testing tools perform various functions to ensure that websites are functional, user-friendly, and perform well.

B. b and c:

B. To provide information on the size of the web pages and on the time necessary to download them:

Web-based testing tools often analyze the size of web pages and their load times to ensure optimal performance and user experience.

C. To scan and check that no broken or missing hyperlinks are present on a website:

These tools can crawl websites to detect broken or missing hyperlinks, ensuring that all links are functional and lead to the correct destinations.

Explanation of Incorrect Options:

A. To generate HTML and XML that is compliant with industry standards such as W3C:

This is typically a function of development tools rather than testing tools.

D. To allow applications to be tested by simulating a mobile platform's runtime environment:

This describes a function of mobile testing tools, not general web-based testing tools.

E. To provide an engine that allows a user to execute a model describing a system's intended run-time behavior:

This is more related to model-based testing tools rather than web-based testing tools.

References:

The ISTQB CTAL-TTA syllabus and standard practices in web testing tools highlight the importance of performance analysis and link verification in ensuring a robust web experience.

Sources:

ISTQB-CTAL-TTA Syllabus

General knowledge on web-based testing tools.

In the pseudo-code provided, we need to identify data flow anomalies, which typically occur when variables are used improperly in terms of their definition, usage, or re-definition.

Analyzing the pseudo-code step by step:

Lines 1-4 initialize variables LOYALTY_RATING, COUNT_CRUISES, CRUISE_LENGTH, and CRUISE_ACCOM_TYPE to 0.

Lines 6-7 read the customer's cruise history.

Line 8 begins a WHILE loop that continues until COUNT_CRUISES is -1.

Lines 9-10 read the next cruise.

Lines 11-19 check the CRUISE_ACCOM_TYPE and update CRUISE_CREDITS accordingly.

Line 20 decrements COUNT_CRUISES.

Line 21 ends the WHILE loop.

Line 22 calculates LOYALTY_RATING by dividing CRUISE_CREDITS by COUNT_CRUISES.

Lines 23-24 output the CRUISE_CREDITS.

Line 25 ends the program.

Data Flow Anomalies:

Line 14: CRUISE_CREDITS is re-defined before being used.

The initial problem here is that CRUISE_CREDITS should be assigned a value before it is incremented in lines 12, 15, and 17. The code does not show any prior definition (initialization) for CRUISE_CREDITS before these increments.

Line 27: LOYALTY_RATING is defined but not subsequently used.

After LOYALTY_RATING is calculated in line 22, it is not used again. This means the calculated value serves no purpose in the program as it stands.

By considering the above points, we can confirm that the correct option is C:

Line 14: CRUISE_CREDITS is re-defined before being used (it should have been initialized before the WHILE loop or just before its first usage inside the loop).

Line 27 (Line 22 in provided pseudo-code): LOYALTY_RATING is defined (calculated) but not subsequently used.

This matches the reference provided in the ISTQB sample exam answers​​, confirming that C is the correct answer.

References:

ISTQB CTAL-TTA Sample Exam Questions​​

ISTQB Exam Structures and Rules​​

ISTQB CTAL-TTA Sample Exam Answers​​

ISTQB-CTAL-TTA Syllabus​​

ISTQB Exam Structure Tables​

Upon analyzing the control flow diagram provided, there are four distinct paths through the program, considering the flow between decision points and actions. Each path represents a unique sequence of execution through the system logic, dictated by the decision outcomes at various points. This information is critical for ensuring comprehensive testing coverage, as each path may expose different behaviors or outcomes in the application​​.

A service virtualization tool is used to simulate the behavior of specific components in heterogeneous component-based applications such as APIs, services, and third-party apps that are not readily accessible during development and testing stages. These tools help create stable, controllable, and predictable testing environments by mimicking the interactions with the missing components. This is particularly useful when dealing with server or network traffic log data to develop a shareable testing service that replicates the real systems' behavior without their actual implementations.

Static analysis is the best technique for identifying the root causes of issues in a legacy system where small functional enhancements take disproportionately long to implement. This technique involves examining the code without executing it to detect potential vulnerabilities, coding errors, and complexities. Static analysis can highlight problematic code segments and inefficient coding practices that may contribute to the increased time required for implementing changes, thereby assisting in addressing these systemic issues efficiently​​.

A Technical Test Analyst during a product risk analysis would consider the complexity of new technology as a generic risk factor. Complex new technology can introduce uncertainties and potential issues that may not be well-understood, which can increase the risk of defects. Frequency of use, visibility of failure, and high change rate of business requirements are also valid considerations, but they are more specific to particular scenarios or aspects of the product rather than the generic technological complexity which is always a concern regardless of the context.

In this scenario, the key stakeholders have expressed concerns related to performance, specifically in terms of the batch jobs and the ease of parameter entry for forecasting reports. Given these requirements, performance testing is essential to meet their objectives.

Objectives of the Stakeholders:

Merchandising Manager: Wants parameter entry to be quick and easy.

Data Centre Manager: Requires the new batch jobs to take less time than the old ones.

Best Testing Approaches:

Performance Testing on Forecasting Report Parameter Data Entry Features (Option A):

Conducting performance testing on the parameter data entry features ensures that the process is quick and efficient, meeting the Merchandising Manager’s requirement for ease of use.

Performance Testing on Data Load and Report Creation (Option B):

Conducting performance testing on data load and report creation will address the Data Centre Manager’s concern by ensuring that the batch jobs complete in less time compared to the old system.

Explanation of Incorrect Options:

C. Agreeing acceptance criteria for modifiability, modularity, and reusability: These criteria are more related to code quality and maintainability rather than performance, which is not the primary concern of the stakeholders.

D. Agreeing acceptance criteria for performance based on quantified improvement: While this is important, it’s not a testing activity itself but rather a prerequisite to performance testing.

E. Agreeing acceptance criteria based on operational profile models: This is also more related to planning and less about direct testing activities.

References:

The ISTQB CTAL-TTA syllabus outlines the importance of performance testing and stakeholder requirements in test planning and execution. Ensuring that performance tests are aligned with the key stakeholder objectives is crucial for successful project outcomes.

Sources:

ISTQB-CTAL-TTA Syllabus

General knowledge on performance testing and stakeholder requirement analysis.

Dynamic analysis involves evaluating a system or component based on its behavior during execution. This type of analysis is particularly useful for identifying issues related to memory usage and pointer management. The focus is on runtime behaviors that can't be detected through static analysis alone.

Identifiable Issues via Dynamic Analysis:

System Memory Not Released (Memory Leaks):

System memory not released when it is no longer needed (Option C) can be identified through dynamic analysis. Tools and techniques used in dynamic analysis can track memory allocation and deallocation during program execution, revealing instances where memory is allocated but not freed properly.

Pointers in a Program (Dangling Pointers):

Pointers in a program that are no longer accurate and must not be used (Option D) can also be identified through dynamic analysis. This includes issues like dangling pointers (pointers that refer to memory that has been freed) or wild pointers (uninitialized pointers). Dynamic analysis tools can detect when pointers are used incorrectly or point to invalid memory locations during runtime.

Explanation of Incorrect Options:

A. Objects having too much or too little visibility into parent classes: This is more related to design and structure, typically identified via static analysis or code reviews rather than dynamic analysis.

B. Repetition of code within a single component or module: This is a code quality issue often detected through static code analysis or manual code review.

E. Code that cannot be reached and so will not be executed: This is typically identified through static analysis tools that perform code coverage analysis or by manual code inspection.

References:

Although specific references from the provided documents were not found directly related to dynamic analysis, the general understanding and standard practices of software testing support the answer given. For example, the ISTQB syllabus and various testing literature highlight memory management and pointer issues as typical concerns addressed through dynamic analysis.

Sources:

General knowledge on dynamic analysis in software testing.

ISTQB-CTAL-TTA Syllabus and standard practices in software testing.

The correct sequence of tasks for refactoring test cases is:

Identification: Recognize the need and potential areas for refactoring.

Analysis: Assess the impact and dependencies related to the changes.

Refactor: Make the actual modifications to improve the test cases.

Re-run: Execute the modified test cases to ensure they still meet the required objectives.

Evaluate: Assess the outcomes of the refactor to ensure effectiveness and efficiency.

This sequence is supported by the ISTQB documentation, emphasizing the methodical approach needed to efficiently update and improve test cases, ensuring they remain effective and relevant .