Free Practice Questions for GIAC GSNA Exam

In DNS poisoning attack, an attacker distributes incorrect IP address. DNS cache poisoning is a maliciously created or unintended situation that provides data to a caching name server that did not originate from authoritative Domain Name System (DNS) sources. Once a DNS server has received such non-authentic datA, Caches it for future performance increase, it is considered poisoned, supplying the non-authentic data to the clients of the server. To perform a cache poisoning attack, the attacker exploits a flaw in the DNS software. If the server does not correctly validate DNS responses to ensure that they are from an authoritative source, the server will end up caching the incorrect entries locally and serve them to other users that make the same request. Answer: B is incorrect. IP (Internet Protocol) address spoofing is an attack in which an attacker creates the IP packets with a forged (spoofed) source IP address with the purpose of concealing the identity of the sender or impersonating another computing system. The basic protocol for sending data over the Internet and many other computer networks is the Internet Protocol ("IP"). The header of each IP packet contains, among other things, the numerical source and destination address of the packet. The source address is normally the address that the packet was sent from. By forging the header so it contains a different address, an attacker can make it appear that the packet was sent by a different machine. The machine that receives spoofed packets will send response back to the forged source address, which means that this technique is mainly used when the attacker does not care about the response or the attacker has some way of guessing the response. Answer: D is incorrect. Man-in-the-middle attacks occur when an attacker successfully inserts an intermediary software or program between two communicating hosts. The intermediary software or program allows attackers to listen to and modify the communication packets passing between the two hosts. The software intercepts the communication packets and then sends the information to the receiving host. The receiving host responds to the software, presuming it to be the legitimate client. Answer: C is incorrect. MAC flooding is a technique employed to compromise the security of network switches. In a typical MAC flooding attack, a switch is flooded with packets, each containing different source MAC addresses. The intention is to consume the limited memory set aside in the switch to store the MAC address-to-physical port translation table. The result of this attack causes the switch to enter a state called failopen mode, in which all incoming packets are broadcast out on all ports (as with a hub), instead of just down the correct port as per normal operation. A malicious user could then use a packet sniffer (such as Wireshark) running in promiscuous mode to capture sensitive data from other computers (such as unencrypted passwords, e-mail and instant messaging conversations), which would not be accessible were the switch operating normally.

The following two code are used to retrieve Attribute1: 1.Object obj=session1.getAttribute("Attribute1"); The getAttribute() method is used to retrieve the bound object with the specified name in this session, or null if no object is bound under the name. 2.Object obj=binding1.getSession().getAttribute("Attribute1"); The getSession() gets the current valid session associated with this request. a String object. Answer: B is incorrect. The HttpSessionBindingEvent object cannot use the getAttribute() method.

The tar -u command is used to append a tar file if the on-disk version of the tar file has a modification date more recent than its copy in the tar archive. Answer: B is incorrect. The tar -t command is used to list the contents of an archive. Answer: D is incorrect. The tar -x command is used to extract the files from an archive. Answer: C is incorrect. The tar -c command is used to create a new archive of specified files.

The getSession() method of the HttpServletRequest interface returns the current session associated with the request, or creates a new session if no session exists. The method has two syntaxes as follows: public HttpSession getSession(): This method creates a new session if it does not exist. public HttpSession getSession(boolean create): This method becomes similar to the above method if create is true, and returns the current session if create is false. It returns null if no session exists. Answer: B is incorrect. The getSession(false) method returns a pre-existing session. It returns null if the client has no session associated with it.

A Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) is a separate text file that keeps track of design and formatting information, such as colors, fonts, font sizes, and margins, used in Web pages. CSS is used to provide Web site authors greater control on the appearance and presentation of their Web pages. It has codes that are interpreteA, Dpplied by the browser on to the Web pages and their elements. CSS files have .css extension. There are three types of Cascading Style Sheets: External Style Sheet Embedded Style Sheet Inline Style Sheet Answer: A is incorrect. A style sheet is a set of additional tags used to describe the appearance of individual HTML tags. These tags can

Storage and retention policies will determine how long you keep records (such as records of customers Web activity), how you will store them, and how you will dispose of them. This will allow you to know what records you should still have on hand should a legal request for such records come in. Answer: C is incorrect. User policies might determine what a customer has access to, but won't help you identify what they actually did access. Answer: A is incorrect. Group policies are usually pertinent to network administration, not the open and uncontrolled environment of an ISP. Answer: B is incorrect. Backup policies dictate how data is backed up and stored.

John can use the UserInfo, PsFile, and PsPasswd tools in the enumeration phase. UserInfo is a utility that retrieves all available information about any known user from any Windows 2000/NT operating system (accessible by TCP port 139). UserInfo returns mainly the following information: SID and Primary group Logon restrictions and smart card requirements Special group Password expiration Note: UserInfo works as a NULL user even if the RestrictedAnonymous value in the LSA key is set to 1 to specifically deny anonymous enumeration. PsFile is a command-line utility that shows a list of files on a system that are opened remotely. It also allows a user to close opened files either by name or by a file identifier. The command syntax for PsFile is as follows: psfile [\\RemoteComputer [-u Username [-p Password]]] [Id | path] [-c] -u specifies the optional user name for logging in to a remote computer. -p specifies a password for a user name. If this is omitted, the user is prompted to enter the password without it being echoed to the screen. Id is the identifier of the file about which the user wants to display information. -c closes the files identifed by the ID or path. PsPasswd is a tool that helps Network Administrators change an account password on the local or remote system. The command syntax of PsPasswd is as follows: pspasswd [\\computer[,computer[,..] | @file [-u user [-p psswd]] Username [NewPassword]

Circumstantial evidences are the collection of facts that, when considered together, can be used to infer a conclusion about the malicious activity/person. Answer: B is incorrect. Corroborating evidence is evidence that tends to support a proposition that is already supported by some evidence. Answer: A is incorrect. Incontrovertible evidence is a colloquial term for evidence introduced to prove a fact that is supposed to be so conclusive that there can be no other truth as to the matter; evidence so strong, it overpowers contrary evidence, directing a fact-finder to a specific and certain conclusion. Answer: C is incorrect. Direct evidence is testimony proof for any evidence, which expressly or straight-forwardly proves the existence of a fact.

Packet filtering firewalls work on the first three layers of the OSI reference model, which means all the work is done between the network and physical layers. When a packet originates from the sender and filters through a firewall, the device checks for matches to any of the packet filtering rules that are configured in the firewall and drops or rejects the packet accordingly. In a software firewall, packet filtering is done by a program called a packet filter. The packet filter examines the header of each packet based on a specific set of rules, and on that basis, decides to prevent it from passing (called DROP) or allow it to pass (called ACCEPT). A packet filter passes or blocks packets at a network interface based on source and destination addresses, ports, or protocols. The process is used in conjunction with packet mangling and Network Address Translation (NAT). Packet filtering is often part of a firewall program for protecting a local network from unwanted intrusion. This type of firewall can be best used for network perimeter security. Answer: B is incorrect. An Intrusion detection system (IDS) is software and/or hardware designed to detect unwanted attempts at accessing, manipulating, and/or disabling of computer systems, mainly through a network, such as the Internet. These attempts may take the form of attacks, as examples, by crackers, malware and/or disgruntled employees. An IDS cannot directly detect attacks within properly encrypted traffic. An intrusion detection system is used to detect several types of malicious behaviors that can compromise the security and trust of a computer system. This includes network attacks against vulnerable services, data driven attacks on applications, host based attacks such as privilege escalation, unauthorized logins and access to sensitive files, and malware (viruses, trojan horses, and worms). Answer: A is incorrect. A proxy server exists between a client's Web-browsing program and a real Internet server. The purpose of the proxy server is to enhance the performance of user requests and filter requests. A proxy server has a database called cache where the most frequently accessed Web pages are stored. The next time such pages are requested, the proxy server is able to suffice the request locally, thereby greatly reducing the access time. Only when a proxy server is unable to fulfill a request locally does it forward the request to a real Internet server. The proxy server can also be used for filtering user requests. This may be done in order to prevent the users from visiting non-genuine sites. Answer: D is incorrect. A honeypot is a term in computer terminology used for a trap that is set to detect, deflect, or in some manner counteract attempts at unauthorized use of information systems. Generally it consists of a computer, data, or a network site that appears to be part of a network, but is actually isolated, and monitored, and which seems to contain information or a resource of value to attackers.

In Unix, the ls command is used to view the directories in alphabetical order. Answer: A is incorrect. In Unix, the cat command in Unix is used to create or display short files. Answer: B is incorrect. In Unix, the chmod command is used to change permissions. Answer: C is incorrect. In Unix, the cp command is used for copying files.