Free Practice Questions for Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam

Next-hop IP address:

For a static route to be added to the routing table, the next-hop IP address must be reachable. If it is not reachable, the route cannot be considered valid and will not be added.

Interface status:

If the interface specified in the static route configuration is down, the route will not be added to the routing table. The interface must be up and operational for the route to be valid.

Priority and Distance:

While priority and administrative distance affect route selection, they do not prevent a route from being added to the routing table. Instead, they influence which route is preferred when multiple routes to the same destination exist.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

Routing Configuration and Troubleshooting Guides

Diagnose NPU NP6 Port-list Disable Command:

Thediagnose npu np6 port-list disablecommand disables specific ports on the NP6 processor. This can help in cases where you need to analyze traffic and the hardware offloading is interfering.

Command:diagnose npu np6 port-list disable 5 17(as shown in Option A).

Diagnose NPU NP6 Fastpath Disable Command:

Disabling the fastpath feature on NP6 can also allow for better visibility into the traffic as it bypasses hardware acceleration, which might obscure traffic details.

Command:diagnose npu np6 fastpath disable 0(as shown in Option C).

References:

Fortinet Documentation on Troubleshooting BGP and NPU Settings​(Fortinet Docs)​.

Fortinet Community Technical Notes on NPU and Traffic Analysis​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

Refused Connection:A refused connection typically indicates a mismatch in the TCP port configuration between the FortiGate and the collector agent. Ensuring both are configured to use the same TCP port is crucial for proper connectivity.

Mismatched Pre-Shared Password:If the pre-shared password configured on the FortiGate does not match the one set on the collector agent, authentication will fail, leading to connectivity issues.

Inability to Reach IP Address:This can occur due to network issues such as incorrect routing, firewall rules blocking traffic, or the collector agent being down. Verifying network connectivity and the status of the collector agent is necessary to resolve this issue.

References:

Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FSSO Connectivity Issues​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

IKE_SA_INIT Exchange:

The IKE_SA_INIT exchange is the first step in the IKEv2 negotiation process. It is responsible for setting up the initial security association (SA) and performing Diffie-Hellman key exchange.

During this exchange, the responder may employ various measures to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, such as rate limiting and the use of puzzles to increase the computational cost for an attacker.

DoS Protection Mechanisms:

One key method involves limiting the number of half-open SAs from any single IP address or subnet.

The IKE_SA_INIT exchange can also incorporate the use of stateless cookies, which help to verify the initiator's legitimacy without requiring extensive resource allocation by the responder until the initiator is verified.

References:

RFC 5996: Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)​(RFC Editor)​.

RFC 8019: Protecting Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks​(IETF Datatracker)​.

Kernel Slabs Overview:

The slab allocator in the Linux kernel is used for efficient memory management. It groups objects of the same type into caches, which are divided into slabs.

Each slab contains multiple objects and helps to minimize fragmentation and enhance memory allocation efficiency.

Interpreting the Exhibit:

The exhibit shows output related to various kernel slab caches.

The line forip6_sessionindicates that there are 1300 kB allocated for this slab, which means the total memory size allocated for IPv6 session objects in the kernel is 1300 kB.

References:

Fortinet Community: Explanation of kernel slab allocation and usage​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Hammertux)​.

Linux Kernel Documentation: Slab Allocator details​(Hammertux)​.

The routing table shown in the exhibit lists all the routes known to the FortiGate device. It includes routes learned through different protocols such as BGP, OSPF, and static routes.

The entryS * 0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 10.200.2.254, port2, [5/0]indicates that there is a static route to the default gateway (0.0.0.0/0) throughport2with a gateway IP of10.200.2.254.

The asterisk*next to the route signifies that this route is selected and currently active in the forwarding information base (FIB). This means the FortiGate uses this route to forward packets destined for addresses not otherwise specified in the routing table.

References

Fortinet Documentation on Routing Table

Fortinet Community Discussion on Routing

Examine the OSPF debug output:

The OSPF Hello packet debug output shows the Router ID as0.0.0.112.

It shows that the OSPF packet is being sent from0.0.0.112viaport2:192.168.37.114.

The OSPF Hello packet contains information such as the network mask (255.255.255.0), hello interval (10), router priority (1), dead interval (40), and designated router (192.168.37.114) and backup designated router (192.168.37.115).

Check the area configuration:

The area ID is shown as0.0.0.0, indicating that the two devices attempting adjacency are in area0.0.0.0.

Authentication mismatch:

The debug output indicates an "Authentication type mismatch". This means one device is configured to require authentication while the other is not.

Password configuration:

The statement claiming that "A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output" is false because the output indicates an authentication mismatch, not the presence or absence of a password. The other statements are true based on the provided debug output.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

OSPF Configuration Guides

The commanddiagnose test application ipsmonitor 5is used to restart all IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) engines and monitors on the FortiGate device. This command is part of the diagnostic tools available for troubleshooting and maintaining the IPS functionality on the FortiGate.

Running this command forces the IPS system to reset and reinitialize, which can be useful in situations where the IPS functionality appears to be malfunctioning or not responding correctly.

This action helps in clearing any issues that might have arisen due to internal errors or misconfigurations, ensuring that the IPS engines operate correctly after the restart.

The exhibit shows a sniffer capture where TCP port 8013 is being used for communication. The communication appears one-way, indicating potential issues with the upstream FortiGate receiving the necessary packets or being able to respond.

To ensure successful communication in a Security Fabric setup:

Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way: Verify that no firewalls or network devices between the downstream and upstream FortiGates are blocking TCP port 8013. This port is crucial for Security Fabric communication.

Authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate: In the Security Fabric, the root FortiGate must recognize and authorize the downstream FortiGate to allow proper communication and management.

Enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate: The upstream FortiGate must have the Security Fabric or Fortitelemetry enabled on the interface that receives the communication from the downstream FortiGate. This enables proper data exchange and monitoring within the Security Fabric.

References

Fortinet Documentation on Security Fabric Configuration

Fortinet Community Discussion on Port Requirements