Free Practice Questions for ECCouncil EC0-350 Exam

If the default fragmentation reassembly timeout is set to higher on the client than on the IDS then the it is possible to send an attack in fragments that will never be reassembled in the IDS but they will be reassembled and read on the client computer acting victim.

Convert the hex number to binary and then to decimal.

PKI provides confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of the messages exchanged between these two types of systems. The 3rd party provides the public key and the receiver verifies the message with a combination of the private and public key. Public-key encryption WAS invented in 1976 by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman. The famous hashing algorithm Diffie-Hellman was named after them. The RSA Algorithm is created by the RSA Security company that also has created other widely used encryption algorithms.

Explanations:

A low interaction honeypot would have emulators of vulnerable programs, not the real programs.

A high interaction honeypot is more likely to be penetrated as it is running the real program and is more vulnerable than an emulator.

Low interaction honeypots are easier to deploy and maintain. Usually you would just use a program that is already available for download and install it. Hackers don't usually crash or destroy these types of programs and it would require little maintenance.

A low interaction honeypot tends to be used for production.

Low interaction honeypots are more detectable because you are using emulators of the real programs. Many hackers will see this and realize that they are in a honeypot.

A low interaction honeypot tends to be used for production. A high interaction honeypot tends to be used for research.

First you should encrypt the data passed between the parties; in particular the session key. This technique is widely relied-upon by web-based banks and other e-commerce services, because it completely prevents sniffing-style attacks. However, it could still be possible to perform some other kind of session hijack. By configuring the appropriate spoof rules you prevent the attacker from using the same IP address as the victim as thus you can implement secondary check to see that the IP does not change in the middle of the session.

The script being depicted is in perl (both msadc.pl and the script their using as a wrapper) -- $port, $your, $user, $pass, $host are variables that hold the port # of a DNS server, an IP, username, and FTP password. $host is set to argument variable 0 (which means the string typed directly after the command). Essentially what happens is it connects to an FTP server and downloads nc.exe (the TCP/IP swiss-army knife -- netcat) and uses nc to open a TCP port spawning cmd.exe (cmd.exe is the Win32 DOS shell on NT/2000/2003/XP), cmd.exe when spawned requires NO username or password and has the permissions of the username it is being executed as (probably guest in this instance, although it could be administrator). The #'s in the script means the text following is a comment, notice the last line in particular, if the # was removed the script would spawn a connection to itself, the host system it was running on.

If they used a stateful inspection firewall this firewall would know if there has been a SYN-ACK before the ACK.

With less privileges it is harder to increase the privileges.

When you run a traceroute to a target network address, you send a UDP packet with one time to live (TTL) to the target address. The first router this packet hits decreases the TTL to 0 and rejects the packet. Now the TTL for the packet is expired. The router sends back an ICMP message type 11 (Exceeded) code 0 (TTL--Exceeded) packet to your system with a source address. Your system displays the round-trip time for that first hop and sends out the next UDP packet with a TTL of 2.

This process continues until you receive an ICMP message type 3 (Unreachable) code 3 (Port--Unreachable) from the destination system. Traceroute is completed when your machine receives a Port-Unreachable message.

If you receive a message with three asterisks [* * *] during the traceroute, a router in the path doesn't return ICMP messages. Traceroute will continue to send UDP packets until the destination is reached or the maximum number of hops is exceeded.

WinPcap is the industry-standard tool for link-layer network access in Windows environments: it allows applications to capture and transmit network packets bypassing the protocol stack, and has additional useful features, including kernel-level packet filtering, a network statistics engine and support for remote packet capture.

Cacls.exe is a Windows NT/2000/XP command-line tool you can use to assign, display, or modify ACLs (access control lists) to files or folders. Cacls is an interactive tool, and since it's a command-line utility, you can also use it in batch files.

The Melissa macro virus propagates in the form of an email message containing an infected Word document as an attachment.

A worm is similar to a virus by its design, and is considered to be a sub-class of a virus. Worms spread from computer to computer, but unlike a virus, it has the capability to travel without any help from a person. A worm takes advantage of file or information transport features on your system, which allows it to travel unaided.

Although virus scanners only can find already known viruses this is still the best defense, together with users that are informed about risks with the internet.

Certain types of encryption presents challenges to network-based intrusion detection and may leave the IDS blind to certain attacks, where a host-based IDS analyzes the data after it has been decrypted.

Because RC4 is a stream cipher, the same traffic key must never be used twice. The purpose of an IV, which is transmitted as plain text, is to prevent any repetition, but a 24-bit IV is not long enough to ensure this on a busy network. The way the IV was used also opened WEP to a related key attack. For a 24-bit IV, there is a 50% probability the same IV will repeat after 5000 packets.

Many WEP systems require a key in hexadecimal format. Some users choose keys that spell words in the limited 0-9, A-F hex character set, for example C0DE C0DE C0DE C0DE. Such keys are often easily guessed.