Free Practice Questions for ECCouncil 212-82 Exam

PCI-DSS requirement no 5.3 is the PCI-DSS requirement that is demonstrated in this scenario. PCI-DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) is a set of standards that applies to entities that store, process, or transmit payment card information, such as merchants, service providers, or payment processors. PCI-DSS requires them to protect cardholder data from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. PCI-DSS consists of 12 requirements that are grouped into six categories: build and maintain a secure network and systems, protect cardholder data, maintain a vulnerability management program, implement strong access control measures, regularly monitor and test networks, and maintain an information security policy. PCI-DSS requirement no 5.3 is part of the category “maintain a vulnerability management program” and states that antivirus mechanisms must be actively running and cannot be disabled or altered by users, unless specifically authorized by management on a case-by-case basis for a limited time period. In the scenario, Ayden works from home on his company’s laptop. During working hours, he received an antivirus software update notification on his laptop. Ayden clicked on the update button; however, the system restricted the update and displayed a message stating that the update could only be performed by authorized personnel. This means that his company’s laptop has an antivirus mechanism that is actively running and cannot be disabled or altered by users, which demonstrates PCI-DSS requirement no 5.3.

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is a widely adopted access control model suitable for environments where permissions need to be aligned with job roles. Here’s why RBAC is the best choice for ProNet:

Definition: RBAC assigns permissions to roles rather than individuals. Users are then assigned to these roles.

Efficiency: Reduces administrative overhead by allowing permissions to be managed at the role level.

Scalability: Suitable for large organizations as roles can be easily modified to reflect changes in job functions.

Security: Ensures that users have only the necessary permissions, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

Implementation:

Define Roles: Identify the various roles within the organization (e.g., Admin, Developer, HR).

Assign Permissions: Map the necessary permissions to each role.

User Assignment: Assign users to appropriate roles based on their job functions.

References:

NIST RBAC model:Link

SANS Institute on RBAC: Link

Isolating Affected Systems:

Containment: Immediately isolate compromised systems to prevent further data exfiltration and limit the spread of the attack.

Minimize Impact: This step helps to mitigate ongoing damage and protect unaffected systems.

Analyzing Network Traffic:

Identify Anomalies: Analyze network traffic to identify any anomalies or patterns indicative of the attack. This helps to understand the attack vector and extent of the breach.

Gather Evidence: Collect evidence that can be used to trace the attacker's methods and identify vulnerabilities.

Additional Steps:

After containment and analysis, the incident response team can proceed with notifying law enforcement, conducting a system audit, and managing public relations.

References:

Incident response best practices:NIST Computer Security Incident Handling Guide

Strategies for cyber incident containment: SANS Institute

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In the event of a cyberattack involving highly sensitive data, such as a missile defense system, the immediate focus should be on containing the breach and understanding its scope. Here's a step-by-step approach:

Incident Response Protocol:

Containment: Isolate the impacted server to prevent further unauthorized access or data exfiltration. This helps to limit the damage and secure sensitive information.

Assessment: Examine network logs, affected systems, and user activities to determine the extent of the breach. This includes identifying how the attackers gained access and what data might have been compromised.

Minimize Fallout:

Preservation of Evidence: Ensure that all logs and forensic data are preserved for a detailed investigation.

Internal Coordination: Inform key stakeholders within the organization, including the executive board and legal team, about the breach and ongoing response efforts.

Collaboration:

Federal Agencies: Depending on the severity and national security implications, notifying federal agencies might be necessary after initial containment and assessment.

External Experts: If required, engage external cybersecurity firms to assist with the investigation and provide additional expertise.

References:

NIST Computer Security Incident Handling Guide:NIST SP 800-61r2

SANS Institute Incident Handling Handbook: SANS Reading Room

Attorney is the role played by Dany in the above scenario. Attorney is a member of a forensic team who provides legal advice on conducting the investigation and addresses legal issues involved in the forensic investigation process. Attorney can help with obtaining search warrants, preserving evidence, complying with laws and regulations, and presenting cases in court3. References: Attorney Role in Forensic Investigation

Wireless repeater is the network component employed by the administrator to extend signals in this scenario. A wireless network is a type of network that uses radio waves or infrared signals to transmit data between devices without using cables or wires. A wireless network can consist of various components, such as wireless access points (APs), wireless routers, wireless adapters, wireless bridges, wireless repeaters, etc. A wireless repeater is a network component that extends the range or coverage of a wireless signal by receiving it from an AP or another repeater and retransmitting it to another area . A wireless repeater can be used to support new devices connected to the network beyond the AP’s range . In the scenario, a startup firm contains various devices connected to a wireless network across the floor. An AP with internet connectivity is placed in a corner to allow wireless communication between devices. To support new devices connected to the network beyond the AP’s range, an administrator used a network component that extended the signals of the wireless AP and transmitted it to the uncovered area. This means that he used a wireless repeater for this purpose. A wireless bridge is a network component that connects two or more wired or wireless networks or segments together . A wireless bridge can be used to expand the network or share resources between networks . A wireless modem is a network component that modulates and demodulates wireless signals to enable data transmission over anetwork . A wireless modem can be used to provide internet access to devices via a cellular network or a satellite network . A wireless router is a network component that performs the functions of both a wireless AP and a router . A wireless router can be used to create a wireless network and connect it to another network, such as the internet

 FTP Unencrypted Cleartext Login is the vulnerability that may affect the website according to the severity factor in the above scenario. A vulnerability is a weakness or flaw in a system or network that can be exploited by an attacker to compromise its security or functionality. A vulnerability assessment is a process that involves identifying, analyzing, and evaluating vulnerabilities in a system or network using various tools and techniques. Greenbone is a tool that can perform vulnerability assessment on various targets using various tests and scans. To perform a vulnerability assessment on the given IP address 20.20.10.26, one has to follow these steps:

Open a web browser and type 20.20.10.26:9392

Press Enter key to access the Greenbone web interface.

Enter admin as username and password as password.

Click on Login button.

Click on Scans menu and select Tasks option.

Click on Start Scan icon next to IP Address Scan task.

Wait for the scan to complete and click on Report icon next to IP Address Scan task.

Observe the vulnerabilities found by the scan.

The vulnerabilities found by the scan are:

The vulnerability that may affect the website according to the severity factor is FTP Unencrypted Cleartext Login, which has a medium severity level. FTP Unencrypted Cleartext Login is a vulnerability that allows an attacker to intercept or sniff FTP login credentials that are sent in cleartext over an unencrypted connection. An attacker can use these credentials to access or modify files or data on the FTP server. TCP timestamps and UDP timestamps are vulnerabilities that allow an attacker to estimate the uptime of a system or network by analyzing the timestamp values in TCP or UDP packets. Anonymous FTP Login Reporting is a vulnerabilitythat allows an attacker to access an FTP server anonymously without providing any username or password.

A circuit-level gateway is a type of firewall that works at the session layer of the OSI model and monitors the TCP handshake between hosts to determine whether a requested session is legitimate. It does not inspect the contents of each packet, but rather relies on the session information to filter traffic