Free Practice Questions for CWNP CWISA-103 Exam

SBCs (Single Board Computers): Designed as standalone, small-form-factor computers. They often include:

Display Interfaces: HDMI, DisplayPort, etc.

Input Connections: USB for keyboards, mice, etc.

General Purpose Functionality: Can run a full operating system for wider applications.

Controller Boards: Focus on controlling specific hardware or systems.

Limited direct I/O: Limited connectors for displays/input devices.

Specialized tasks: Designed for embedded applications within larger systems.

References

SBC Examples: https://www.raspberrypi.org/ , https://www.beagleboard.org/

Controller Board Examples: https://www.arduino.cc/

Firmware Definition: Firmware is a type of software embedded in hardware devices. It provides low-level instructions that control the basic operations and initialization of the device.

ROM Storage: Firmware is typically stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) or other forms of non-volatile memory, meaning it persists even when the device is powered off.

Functions:

Booting: Initiates the hardware and loads the operating system.

Hardware Control: Provides an interface between the hardware and the operating system.

BIOS: The firmware on PCs is often referred to as BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).

References

Firmware Explanation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware

ROM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory

SSL/TLS Secures Web Traffic: HTTPS builds upon HTTP, adding the encryption provided by Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS).

Other Protocols Have Different Purposes:

IPSec: Secures IP traffic at a network level, can be used alongside TLS.

SNMPv3: Management protocol, offers security features, but not the primary mechanism in HTTPS.

SSH: Secure remote shell, unrelated to web data encryption.

IIoT Environments: Industrial IoT (IIoT) often involves deployment in harsh environments (factories, plants, outdoor sites) with:

Extreme temperatures

Dust & Vibrations

Exposure to chemicals or moisture

Ruggedization: IIoT devices are designed to withstand these conditions, ensuring reliability and longevity.

References

IIoT: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Internet_of_things

Rugged Devices: Articles on ruggedized electronics will emphasize their importance in industrial settings.

KPI alignment: Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) define success metrics for the wireless IoT solution (e.g., uptime, device responsiveness, data accuracy). Continuous monitoring tracks performance against these KPIs.

Meeting Business Needs: Monitoring ensures the solution delivers the intended value. Are response times fast enough? Are business processes supported effectively?

Proactive maintenance: Monitoring can reveal performance issues before they become critical failures, allowing for proactive fixes.

Optimization: Monitoring data over time helps identify areas for fine-tuning the solution to further align with business requirements.

References

Wireless IoT monitoring tools: Vendor documentation or articles on specific tools and the KPIs they can track.

ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library): Frameworks emphasizing monitoring and continuous improvement.

IEEE 802.15.4: The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is a fundamental specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). It serves as the basis for many wireless IoT protocols.

IEEE's Role: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is the organization responsible for creating, maintaining, and publishing the 802.15.4 standard.

References

IEEE 802.15.4 Standard: https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_15_4-2020.html

IEEE Website: https://www.ieee.org/

Attenuation: Describes the progressive loss of signal strength as it travels through a medium (like air, cables, walls). It's caused by factors like absorption, distance, and obstacles.

Other Phenomena:

Diffraction: Bending of waves around obstacles.

Reflection: Waves bouncing off surfaces.

**Scattering: ** Waves dispersing in multiple directions.

References

Attenuation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation

HTTP's Popularity: HTTP is the foundation of the web, making it widely known and supported. Developers have extensive familiarity with its concepts (methods, headers, status codes, etc.).

REST APIs and Webhooks: These often leverage HTTP for communication, building upon existing knowledge and tools.

Tradeoffs:

Security: HTTP itself is not inherently secure; HTTPS or additional layers address this.

Speed: Protocols optimized for IoT may have lower overhead, but HTTP's simplicity often outweighs minor performance differences.

Importance of Time Sync in IoT: Coordinated actions, accurate data analysis, and event logging in wireless IoT solutions often rely on devices having a shared time reference.

NTP's Role: Network Time Protocol (NTP) enables devices to synchronize their clocks against a reliable time source (NTP server), ensuring consistency across the network.

Why Other Options Don't Fit:

IP Addressing: Usually handled by DHCP, not NTP.

Encryption: SSL/TLS secure data in transit, not related to timekeeping.

Name Resolution: Purpose of DNS, not NTP.

IETF's Focus: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) primarily develops and standardizes internet protocols operating at the Network Layer (Layer 3) and above in the OSI model.

Key Protocols: Some prominent IETF-developed protocols include:

IP (Internet Protocol): Foundation of internet addressing and routing.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable, connection-oriented data transport.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Connectionless, best-effort data transport.

DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names into IP addresses.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Web communication.

References

IETF Website: https://www.ietf.org/

OSI Model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model