Free Practice Questions for CWNP CWISA-102 Exam

ITU's Mandate: The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations focused on global information and communication technologies (ICTs).

Radio Spectrum Regulation: A core ITU function is allocating radio spectrum bands and satellite orbits to prevent harmful interference between different countries and technologies. This coordination is essential for the orderly use of wireless communications worldwide.

Other ITU Roles: While involved in standard-setting and establishing best practices, options A and D are less precise than the ITU's spectrum coordination focus.

References:

ITU Website: (https://www.itu.int/en/ ) Outlines its activities and governance of radio spectrum.

ITU Radio Regulations: The international treaty governing the use of the radio-frequency spectrum.

Browser Ubiquity: JavaScript has a native runtime environment within almost every modern web browser, making it the 'built-in' scripting language for web-based interfaces.

Node-RED: This IoT flow-based programming tool specifically uses JavaScript for its logic and automation functions.

Other Languages:

PHP: Primarily server-side for web applications

Python: Versatile language, used in some back-end IoT functions but not natively in browsers

R: Statistical and data analysis, not typically embedded in wireless solutions

References:

JavaScript (Browser Compatibility): Documentation of its near-universal support

Node-RED (Programming Model): Descriptions of how it uses JavaScript for node logic.

Health IoT Device Categories:

Wearable: Devices worn on the body (smartwatches, fitness trackers).

Non-wearable: Devices used without being worn (smart scales, connected medical equipment).

Implantable: Surgically inserted devices (pacemakers, glucose monitors).

References

Health IoT: Resources on healthcare + IoT will illustrate device types.

Free Space Path Loss (FSPL): Describes how a radio signal weakens as it travels through open space, even without obstacles. It's caused by the signal spreading out, resulting in decreased power density at the receiver.

Calculation: FSPL depends on distance and frequency.

References

Free Space Path Loss: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_path_loss

Encryption vs. Other Options:

Access Control: Limits who can access data, but doesn't make it unreadable.

Authentication: Validates user/device identity, but not focused on data confidentiality.

Authorization: Determines the actions a user is allowed, separate from securing the data itself.

How encryption works: Encryption uses algorithms and keys to turn plaintext into unreadable ciphertext. Only those with the correct key can decrypt it.

Data in motion vs. data at rest: Encryption protects sensitive information both when transmitted over the wireless network and when stored on devices.

References:

Encryption standards and protocols: Resources on common wireless encryption types (WPA2, WPA3, TLS) and their implementation.

SBCs (Single Board Computers): Designed as standalone, small-form-factor computers. They often include:

Display Interfaces: HDMI, DisplayPort, etc.

Input Connections: USB for keyboards, mice, etc.

General Purpose Functionality: Can run a full operating system for wider applications.

Controller Boards: Focus on controlling specific hardware or systems.

Limited direct I/O: Limited connectors for displays/input devices.

Specialized tasks: Designed for embedded applications within larger systems.

References

SBC Examples: https://www.raspberrypi.org/ , https://www.beagleboard.org/

Controller Board Examples: https://www.arduino.cc/

isualizing RF Interference: Spectrum analyzers display radio frequencies across a range, showing signal strength and potential interference sources. This is crucial for identifying non-Wi-Fi devices that might be disrupting your wireless solution.

Other Tools Have Limitations:

NMAP: Network mapper, focused on discovering devices, not RF analysis

WinPCAP: Packet capture software, helpful but doesn't directly display the RF spectrum.

Protocol Analyzer: Analyzes network traffic, but won't pinpoint physical layer interference.

References:

Spectrum Analyzers: How they work and common use cases in RF troubleshooting.

Wireless Interference Types: Resources that discuss non-Wi-Fi interference sources (microwaves, cordless phones, etc.)

Coexistence Priority: Frequency coordination is the most critical aspect in ensuring that multiple wireless solutions function without significant interference.

Impact of Interference: Uncoordinated frequencies lead to:

Signal degradation: Reduced network performance and reliability.

Data errors and retransmissions: Inefficient operation and higher battery drain on devices.

Cloud-based applications drive bandwidth usage: Applications like Google Suite, Microsoft 365, and video conferencing (Zoom, Teams) are commonly used in educational settings. These rely on cloud servers, requiring significant downloads and uploads.

Shift towards online learning: More schools are utilizing online learning platforms and resources, further increasing their dependence on cloud-based solutions.

Streaming, torrents, wearables less impactful: Streaming music and torrent sites can contribute, but their impact is generally less significant. Wearables in education are still niche despite their potential.

References

Trends in education technology: Reports on the rise of cloud-based learning platforms in schools.

[Example: Project Tomorrow Speak Up Research Project on Digital Learning] (https://tomorrow.org/speakup/ )

Network usage studies in schools: Research on bandwidth usage patterns can confirm the primary drivers of traffic in educational settings.