Free Practice Questions for CIPS L5M15 Exam

Push tactics emphasise advocacy: using facts, logic, and directive communication to move others. They can deliver short-term compliance and clarity but may limit ownership/commitment compared with pull tactics, which are more involving and collaborative.

Consulting leadershipinvolves engaging team members in decision-making, valuing their input before implementing actions. It encourages ownership, trust, and collaboration—sitting between directive and participative styles.

Positional bargainingstarts from fixed stances and tends toward adversarial exchanges and concession trading, often impeding creative, interest-based outcomes.

Parallel working (or parallel running)is used when switching suppliers to ensure continuity of supply. Both suppliers operate simultaneously for a transition period until the new supplier demonstrates stability and quality.

Constructionprojects often use pain/gain share mechanisms to align contractor performance with client objectives. They balance risk and reward—sharing savings or overruns based on project outcomes.

Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) profiles personality preferences (e.g., introversion/extraversion). It is not a measure of intelligence or job competence.

Effective negotiators adapt betweenpush and pull stylesdepending on context. While push techniques (assertion, logic) can help when cost pressure is key,pull techniques(consulting, inspiring) strengthen relationships and trust—vital for long-term supplier collaboration.

Gainsharemechanisms reward suppliers for achieving cost savings, process improvements, or innovation that benefits both parties. By sharing the gains, suppliers are motivated to propose creative solutions.

Aconflict of interestarises when personal relationships or financial interests could influence—or appear to influence—professional judgement. It must be declared and managed to maintain ethical integrity.