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Working conditions on a tree plantation are most likely an example of a(n):

A.

social issue

B.

governance issue

C.

environmental issue

According to the Principles of Responsible Investment (PRI), which of the following is an example of a social issue?

A.

Lobbying

B.

Employee relations

C.

Bribery and corruption

Compared to traditional index-based funds, ESG index-based funds typically have:

A.

A lower fee structure

B.

The same fee structure

C.

A higher fee structure

Which of the following is a principle of the Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative?

A.

Achieving net zero by 2025

B.

Aligning all assets under management (AUM) to net zero immediately

C.

Implementing engagement strategies with investee companies to encourage net zero alignment

Collective engagements:

A.

Often are resource-inefficient methods of engagement

B.

Are a preliminary step in launching a takeover bid for a company

C.

Are sometimes constrained by regulations regarding investors acting in concert

When constructing net zero portfolios, investors:

A.

Can follow a clearly accepted standard for netting exposures to carbon risk

B.

Typically agree on how to best account for the role that derivatives and shorts play

C.

Will tend to have overweight equity allocations in the technology sector if they exclude Scope 3 emissions

According to the Principles for Responsible Investment, which of the following isnotan ESG engagement dynamic creating value for investors and companies?

A.

Cultural dynamics

B.

Learning dynamics

C.

Communicative dynamics

The quality of a company's ESG disclosures is most likely affected by:

A.

Its size only

B.

Its location only

C.

Both its size and its location

Which of the following is most likely an example of quantitative ESG analysis?

A.

Issuer-reported carbon emissions

B.

Executive compensation policies linked to progress on ESG-related goals

C.

The presence and credibility of investments, policies, and commitments to ESG-related goals

In ESG ratings, there is a size bias in favor of:

A.

Small companies

B.

Mid-sized companies

C.

Large companies

Which of the following best describes Weitzman's dismal theorem?

A.

Relative improvements in efficiency may be offset by increased consumption of a given product

B.

Economic asset value should be assigned to biodiversity to reverse its treatment as a free resource

C.

Standard cost-benefit analysis is insufficient to address the potential downside losses from climate change

Firms using an engagement style focusing first on individual companies, starting with the chair, and working through the board and down to management most likely have a(n):

A.

Social heritage

B.

Governance heritage

C.

Environmental heritage

Which of the following is most likely designed to promote consideration of environmental and social risks in investing?

A.

The EU Taxonomy Regulation

B.

The EU Shareholder Rights Directive

C.

The EU Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation

The primarily used ESG indices:

A.

Use similar criteria and weightings

B.

Are available for both equity and fixed-income asset classes

C.

Provide data to backtest performance across multiple market cycles

Which of the following ESG risks is most likely to impact sovereign debt?

A.

Cybersecurity risks

B.

Political stability and governance risks

C.

Executive compensation structures