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Any time a federal agency develops a new rule, policy, or directive, or takes any action that might impact tribal nations, what are the obligations and requirements?

A.

The agency must engage in official consultations with affected tribal nations early and often during the decision-making process.

B.

The federal government must defer to the State in which the affected tribal nation(s) are geographically located to engage in the government-to-government relationship.

C.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs is the sole entity permitted to officially consult with affected tribal nations on policy, regulatory, or planning matters.

D.

The Supreme Court decision(s) and executive orders do not require federal agencies to engage with affected tribal nations.

The use of two or more maps that are digitally or manually superimposed and registered to a common coordinate system to show the relationships between features that occupy the same geographic space is called:

A.

A theme.

B.

A buffer.

C.

An overlay.

D.

A merge.

Design guidelines for an urban district should:

A.

Apply only to private actions.

B.

Apply only to public actions.

C.

Establish structure for later project reviews.

D.

Avoid performance criteria in favor of specific standards.

A city is working to create a form-based code for their commercial district. What standard is typically included in this planning approach that would not be found in a Euclidean-based code?

A.

Parking ratios

B.

Use regulations

C.

Setback restrictions

D.

Building typologies

The movement of cotton textile mills from New England to the South represented a trade-off between outlays for:

A.

Rent and transport.

B.

Fuel and rent.

C.

Labor and land.

D.

Labor and transport.

The influence and successes of the National Resources Planning Board can be explained by the support given by all of the following EXCEPT:

A.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

B.

Daniel Burnham.

C.

Federal funding.

D.

Rexford Tugwell.

Fixed costs are those resources that:

A.

Must be committed to implement a project.

B.

Are diverted from one project to make another one feasible.

C.

Are associated with the impacts of a project.

D.

Do not vary with the level of project output.

The McHarg technique of overlay planning to guide metropolitan expansion identifies areas where development will be the:

A.

Least environmentally damaging.

B.

Least economically viable.

C.

Most physically feasible.

D.

Most spatially efficient.

The validity of comprehensive zoning in America was held to be a constitutional exercise of power in what landmark U.S. Supreme Court case?

A.

Kelo v. City of New London

B.

Southern Burlington County N.A.A.C.P. v. Township of Mount Laurel

C.

The Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co.

D.

Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City

One widely accepted technique used in the role of a mediator between two opposing parties in a land use dispute is to:

A.

Determine a middle ground between the opposing parties so that the mediator may formulate a resolution.

B.

Ascertain which of the two parties’ positions is in the greater public interest to determine a recommended solution.

C.

Document the position of both sides in a report to the governing board and let the board decide the matter following a hearing of the parties.

D.

Try to move the opposing parties from their positions to their interests to see if a resolution can be formulated that adequately satisfies the interests of both.