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The Harp Company self-funds the health plan for its employees. The plan is administered under a typical administrative-services-only (ASO) arrangement. One true statement about this ASO arrangement is that

A.

This arrangement prevents Harp from purchasing stop-loss coverage for its health plan

B.

The amount that Harp pays the administrator to provide the ASO services is not subject to state premium taxes

C.

The administrator is responsible for paying claims from its own assets if Harp's account is insufficient

D.

The charges for the ASO services must be stated as a percentage of the amount of claims paid for medical expenses incurred by Harp's covered employees and their dependents

Federal law addresses the relationship between Medicare- or Medicaid contracting health plans and providers who are at "substantial financial risk."

Under federal law, Medicare- or Medicaid-contracting health plans

A.

Place a provider at "substantial risk" whenever incentive arrangements put the provider at risk for amounts in excess of 10% of his or her total potential reimbursement for providing services to Medicare and Medicaid enrollees

B.

Must provide stop-loss coverage to a provider who is placed at "substantial financial risk" for services that the provider does not directly provide to Medicare or Medicaid enrollees

C.

Both A and B

D.

A only

E.

B only

F.

Neither A nor B

This concept, which holds that a company should record the amounts associated with its business transactions in monetary terms, assumes that the value of money is stable over time. This concept provides objectivity and reliability, although its relevance may fluctuate.

From the following answer choices, choose the name of the accounting concept that matches the description.

A.

Measuring-unit concept

B.

Full-disclosure concept

C.

Cost concept

D.

Time-period concept

The accounting department of the Enterprise health plan adheres to the following policies:

    Policy A—Report gains only after they actually occur

    Policy B—Report losses immediately

    Policy C—Record expenses only when they are certain

    Policy D—Record revenues only when they are certain

Of these Enterprise policies, the ones that are consistent with the accounting principle of conservatism are Policies

A.

A, B, C, and D

B.

A, B, and D only

C.

A and B only

D.

C and D only

The following statements illustrate the use of different rating methods by health plans:

    The Dover health plan established rates for small groups by using a rating method which requires that the average premium in each group cannot be more than 120% of the average premium for any other group. Under this method, all members of each group pay the same premium, which is based on the experience of the group.

    Under the rating method used by the Rolling Hills health plan, the health plan calculates the ratio of a group's experience to the group's historical manual rate. Rolling Hills then multiplies this ratio by the group's future manual rate. Rolling Hills cannot consider the group's experience in determining premium rates.

From the following answer choices, select the response that correctly indicates the rating methods used by Dover and Rolling Hills.

A.

Dover = modified community rating

Rolling Hills = factored rating

B.

Dover = modified community rating

Rolling Hills = adjusted community rating (ACR)

C.

Dover = community rating by class (CRC)

Rolling Hills = factored rating

D.

Dover = community rating by class (CRC)

Rolling Hills = adjusted community rating (ACR)

The following statements are about risk management in health plans. Select the answer choice containing the correct response.

A.

Risk management is especially important to health plans because the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) allows plan members to recover punitive damages from healthcare plans.

B.

With regard to the relative risk for health plan structures based upon the degree of influence and relationships that health plans maintain with their providers, preferred provider organizations (PPOs) typically have a higher risk than do group HMOs and staff HMOs.

C.

Although there are clear risks associated with the provision of healthcare services and coverage decisions surrounding that care, the bulk of risk in health plans is associated with a health plan's benefit administration and contracting activities.

D.

A health plan generally structures its risk management process around loss reduction techniques and loss transfer techniques.

As part of the first step in its strategic planning process, the Trout health plan developed the following statements:

    Statement A—Trout will deliver quality healthcare to our customers at a reasonable cost.

    Statement B—Within five years, Trout will be recognized as the industry leader in all of our markets.

Statement A can best be described as a

A.

Vision statement, and Statement B also can best be described as a vision statement

B.

Vision statement, whereas Statement B can best be described as a mission statement

C.

Mission statement, whereas Statement B can best be described as a vision statement

D.

Mission statement, and Statement B also can best be described as a mission statement

The following statements are about pure risk and speculative risk—two kinds of risk that both businesses and individuals experience. Select the answer choice containing the correct statement.

A.

Healthcare coverage is designed to help plan members avoid pure risk, not speculative risk.

B.

Only pure risk involves the possibility of gain.

C.

An example of speculative risk is the possibility that an individual will contract a serious illness.

D.

Only speculative risk contains an element of uncertainty.

Under the doctrine of corporate negligence, a health plan and its physician administrators may be held directly liable to patients or providers for failing to investigate adequately the competence of healthcare providers whom it employs or with whom it contracts, particularly where the health plan actually provides healthcare services or restricts the patient's/enrollee's choice of physician.

A.

True

B.

False

The following statements indicate the pricing policies of two health plans that operate in a particular market:

    The Accent Health Plan consistently underprices its product

    The Bolton Health Plan uses extremely strict underwriting practices for the small groups to which it markets its plan

From the following answer choices, select the response that correctly indicates the most likely market effects of the pricing policies used by Accent and Bolton.

A.

Accent = unprofitable business

Bolton = high acquisition rate

B.

Accent = unprofitable business

Bolton = low acquisition rate

C.

Accent = high profits

Bolton = high acquisition rate

D.

Accent = high profits

Bolton = low acquisition rate