Free Practice Questions for WGU Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Exam

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A valid function call invokes a function by its name, providing the required number and type of arguments in the correct syntax. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), function calls must follow the language’s syntax rules, typically function_name(arguments).

Option A: "function sample(float 2.0)." This is incorrect. This resembles a function definition (declaring a function named sample with a parameter), not a function call. A call would be sample(2.0).

Option B: "GetHeight(integer 3, 4)." This is incorrect. The syntax integer 3 is invalid in most languages for a function call. A correct call might be GetHeight(3, 4), assuming GetHeight accepts two integers. The inclusion of type keywords (integer) is not typical in function calls.

Option C: "round(4.723, 2)." This is correct. In languages like Python, round(4.723, 2) is a valid call to the built-in round function, which takes a float and an integer (number of decimal places) and returns a rounded value (e.g., 4.72).

Option D: "PrintSample()." This is correct. Assuming PrintSample is a defined function with no parameters, PrintSample() is a valid call (e.g., in Python: def PrintSample(): print("Sample")).

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Functions and Function Calls).

Python Documentation: “Built-in Functions” (https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#round).

W3Schools: “C Functions” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_functions.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The algorithm calculates the positive difference between x and y (i.e., |x - y|). According to foundational programming principles, an algorithm’s steps must be executed in a logical order, and variables must be declared before they are used.

Steps Analysis:

Declare variable Diff: Creates the variable Diff to store the result. Must occur first, as other steps use Diff.

Set Diff = x - y: Computes the difference, assuming x >= y. Requires Diff to exist.

If y > x, set Diff = y - x: Adjusts Diff to ensure it’s positive if y > x. Requires Diff to exist.

Put Diff to output: Outputs the final result. Must occur last, after Diff is computed.

Logical Order:

Declare Diff (create variable).

Set Diff = x - y (initial difference).

If y > x, set Diff = y - x (ensure positive).

Output Diff.

Option A: "Put Diff to output." Incorrect. Outputting Diff requires it to be computed, which happens after declaration and calculation.

Option B: "Set Diff = x - y." Incorrect. Setting Diff requires Diff to be declared first.

Option C: "If y > x, set Diff = y - x." Incorrect. This step uses Diff, so declaration must precede it.

Option D: "Declare variable Diff." Correct. Declaring Diff is the first step, as all other steps depend on Diff existing.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Algorithms and Variables).

Python Documentation: “Variable Declaration” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#assignment-statements).

W3Schools: “C Variables” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_variables.php).

A programming library is a collection of pre-written code that developers can use to optimize tasks and improve productivity. Here’s why the selected statements are correct:

A: Libraries must be included or imported into your program before you can use the functions or objects they contain. This is because the program needs to know where to find the code it’s executing12.

B: A library typically includes multiple functions, objects, or classes that are related to a specific task or area of functionality. This allows developers to reuse code efficiently12.

D: By providing pre-written code, libraries save developers time and effort, which in turn improves their productivity. Instead of writing code from scratch, developers can focus on the unique aspects of their project12.

The other options are incorrect because:

C: While it’s true that poorly designed libraries can affect performance, well-designed libraries can actually make programs more efficient by providing optimized code.

E: A single program can include multiple libraries as needed. There’s no limit to the number of libraries a program can use.

F: Libraries often contain multiple functions and variables, not just one function.

 An algorithm is a set of instructions designed to perform a specific task or solve a problem. It is a sequence of steps that are followed to achieve a particular outcome. In the context of the given options, the correct example of an algorithm is option D. This option outlines a series of steps to troubleshoot a device, which is a common algorithmic procedure known as “power cycling” or “resetting.” It involves turning off a device, waiting for a short period, and then turning it back on. This process can resolve temporary issues by clearing the device’s memory and resetting its state.

Option A is incorrect because it is simply a list of items, not a sequence of steps with a specific goal. Option B is also incorrect as it describes a file type used in web development, not a set of instructions. Option C is a statement about a mathematical property, not an algorithm.

A. X + 2 / 10:

First, calculate 2 / 10, which is 0.2.

Then add x (17.0) to 0.2, resulting in 17.2. This does not equal 3.7.

B. (2 + x) / 10.0:

First, add 2 and x (17.0), which gives 19.0.

Then divide 19.0 by 10.0, resulting in 3.7.

C. X + 2.0 / 10:

First, calculate 2.0 / 10, which is 0.2.

Then add x (17.0) to 0.2, resulting in 17.2. This does not equal 3.7.

D. 2 + x / 10:

First, divide x (17.0) by 10, which gives 1.7.

Then add 2 to 1.7, resulting in 3.7.

Therefore, option B is the correct expression.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The expression x - y * 2 involves subtraction and multiplication, evaluated according to operator precedence. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., C and Python standards), multiplication (*) has higher precedence than subtraction (-), so y * 2 is computed first.

Given: x = 12, y = 4.

Compute: y * 2 = 4 * 2 = 8.

Then: x - (y * 2) = 12 - 8 = 4.

Option A: "4." This is correct, as calculated above.

Option B: "6." This is incorrect. It might result from misinterpreting precedence (e.g., (x - y) * 2 = (12 - 4) * 2 = 16).

Option C: "8." This is incorrect. It might result from computing x - y = 12 - 4 = 8 and ignoring * 2.

Option D: "14." This is incorrect. It does not align with the expression’s evaluation.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operator Precedence).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Expressions).

W3Schools: “Python Operators” (https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_operators.asp).

The Waterfall Model is a sequential design process used in software development, where progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards through several phases like a waterfall. In the context of the question, describing the objects and functions in a program that compresses files before splitting the objects involves two specific phases:

Design Phase: This is where the system’s architecture, components, interfaces, and data are all defined. The team would design the objects and functions necessary for the file compression program during this phase.

Implementation (or Development) Phase: Following the design, the actual code is written during the implementation phase. The objects and functions described in the design phase are created and tested to ensure they work as intended.

These two phases are critical in the Waterfall approach for transitioning from an abstract understanding of the problem to a concrete implementation in code. The analysis phase is more about understanding the problem and requirements, while testing is a separate phase that comes after implementation.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To determine if one integer is a multiple of another, the modulo operator (%) is used. According to foundational programming principles, the modulo operator returns the remainder of division, and if the remainder is zero, the first integer is a multiple of the second.

Option A: "/." This is incorrect. The division operator (/) returns the quotient of division, which may include a decimal (e.g., 7 / 2 = 3.5). It does not directly indicate if one number is a multiple of another.

Option B: "||." This is incorrect. The logical OR operator (||) is used for boolean operations (e.g., in conditional statements) and is unrelated to checking multiples.

Option C: "+." This is incorrect. The addition operator (+) adds two numbers and is not used to check if one is a multiple of another.

Option D: "%." This is correct. The modulo operator (%) returns the remainder after division. If a % b == 0, then a is a multiple of b (e.g., 10 % 5 == 0, so 10 is a multiple of 5).

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operators).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Arithmetic Operators).

W3Schools: “Python Operators” (https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_operators.asp).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The question is incomplete, as the definition of the Greeting() function is not provided. However, based on standard programming problem patterns and the output options, we assume Greeting() is a function that outputs "Hello!" each time it is called. According to foundational programming principles, calling a function multiple times repeats its output unless state changes occur.

Assumption: Greeting() outputs "Hello!" to the console (e.g., in Python: def Greeting(): print("Hello!")).

Calling Greeting() twice outputs "Hello!" twice, concatenated in the output stream as "Hello!Hello!" (assuming no extra newlines or spaces, as is typical in such problems).

Option A: "Hello!." This is incorrect. A single "Hello!" would result from one call, not two.

Option B: "Hello!!." This is incorrect. This suggests a modified output (e.g., adding an extra !), which is not implied by the function’s behavior.

Option C: "Hello!Hello!." This is correct. Two calls to Greeting() produce "Hello!" twice, appearing as "Hello!Hello!" in the output.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Function Calls and Output).

Python Documentation: “Print Function” (https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print).

W3Schools: “C Output” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_output.php).

Start with the input value (in this case, 54).

Follow the flowchart’s paths and apply the operations as indicated by the symbols and connectors.

The rectangles represent processes or actions to be taken.

The diamonds represent decision points where you will need to answer yes or no and follow the corresponding path.

The parallelograms represent inputs/outputs within the flowchart.

Use the input value and apply the operations as you move through the flowchart from start to finish.