Free Practice Questions for WGU Introduction-to-IT Exam

1.Initiation

2.Planning

3.Executing

4.Monitoring and Controlling

5.Closing

During the Initiation Phase, the project’s vague brief is clarified, and key success criteria are defined. It involves project kickoff meetings, understanding project requirements, and defining scope, cost, and resources12.

References 2. The Digital Project Manager 3. Visme

1.Lexical Analysis:

oThe source code is first tested by the compiler’s lexer, which breaks it down into tokens (such as keywords, identifiers, operators, and punctuation).

oThis step identifies the individual elements of the program.

2.Syntactic and Semantic Analysis:

oThe compiler performs syntactic analysis, checking the source code for syntax errors and ensuring it follows the correct language-specific rules.

oIf any errors occur, the compiler throws an error and stops the compilation.

oAdditionally, the compiler performs semantic analysis to find the meaning of the code.

oIt checks for logical errors, such as type mismatches, undeclared variables, and incorrect usage of operators.

3.Optimization:

oOnce the code is syntactically correct, the compiler performs low-level optimization to improve performance.

oThis may involve reducing memory usage or optimizing code for speed by rearranging instructions or eliminating unnecessary operations.

4.Output Code Generation:

oFinally, the compiler generates machine code corresponding to the original source code.

oThe resulting machine code resides in a binary file that the computer’s hardware can execute directly.

Why Do We Use Compilers?

•Compilers catch syntax and semantic errors before running the code, saving time and preventing crashes.

•They optimize code for efficient execution, resulting in faster, more compact programs.

Disadvantages of a Compiler:

•Compiled code is platform-dependent, meaning it produces a machine-specific executable file.

•Code compiled on one type of machine won’t run on another type without recompilation1.

References

1.GeeksforGeeks

2.Built In

3.Wikipedia

1.URL Anatomy:

oA URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique web address that enables internet users to locate a specific website or online resource without having to know its IP address.

oThe structure of a URL consists of several components, each serving a specific purpose.

2.Domain Name:

oThe domain name is a critical part of the URL.

oIt follows the scheme (protocol) and precedes the path or port (if specified).

oThe domain name is composed of labels separated by dots (periods).

oEach label represents a specific level within the domain hierarchy.

oFor example:

In the URL https://www.example.com/path/to/resource, the domain name is example.com.

In the URL https://blog.example.co.uk, the domain name is blog.example.co.uk.

3.Effective Top-Level Domain (eTLD):

oThe domain name includes the top-level domain (TLD) and the second-level domain (SLD).

oThe TLD specifies the website type and follows the SLD.

oCommon TLDs include .com, .org, and .net.

oGeo-specific TLDs include country codes like .au, .uk, and .in.

4.Subdomain:

oA subdomain is a division of a website.

oWebmasters create subdomains to organize different site areas with distinct functions (e.g., blogs, forums, support portals).

oSubdomains appear before the domain name in the URL.

oExamples:

support.example.com (subdomain: support)

blog.example.co.uk (subdomain: blog)

5.Scheme (Protocol):

oThe scheme specifies the protocol that the server will use to access the page.

oCommon schemes include:

http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

oThe scheme always precedes the rest of the URL information.

oExample: https://www.example.com

6.Path:

oThe path indicates the specific location on the website where the user wants to go.

oIt can include directories, folders, specific page names, and file names.

oExample: https://www.example.com/path/to/resource

7.Conclusion:

oIn summary, the domain name is the part of the URL that identifies the server hosting the web page.

oIt plays a crucial role in directing users to the correct website.

References

1.What are the parts of a URL? | web.dev

2.Parts of a URL: A Short Guide | HubSpot Blog

User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is a type of systems testing that involves end users testing the system with simulated data and the assistance of the developer or testing team. Let’s break down the options:

•User Acceptance (A): UAT is the final phase of testing before the software is released to production. It ensures that the system meets the business requirements and is acceptable to end users. During UAT, actual users (not developers) validate the system’s functionality, usability, and overall performance using real-world scenarios and data.

•Alpha (B): Alpha testing is conducted by the development team within the organization. It is an early-stage testing phase where developers test the software for defects and issues. End users are not directly involved in alpha testing.

•Beta ©: Beta testing occurs after alpha testing. It involves releasing the software to a limited group of external users (beta testers) who provide feedback. Beta testing is not specifically focused on simulated data or end user involvement.

•Analysis (D): Analysis is not a type of systems testing. It refers to the process of examining data, identifying patterns, and drawing conclusions.

In summary, the correct answer is A. User Acceptance, which aligns with the scenario described in the question.

Machine language is code expressed in the binary system and is the lowest-level set of instructions a computer can execute directly. In Information Technology, machine language instructions are made of bits, typically grouped into bytes or words, and each instruction corresponds to a specific operation supported by the CPU, such as loading data, performing arithmetic, comparing values, or branching to another instruction. Because it is binary, machine language is not easily readable by humans and is highly dependent on the processor architecture, meaning code written for one CPU type may not work on another. Option A describes interpreted execution, where code may be processed line by line. Option B more closely matches assembly language, which uses mnemonic commands that correspond to machine instructions and can reference registers more directly than high-level code. Option D describes high-level programming languages. Since the defining feature of machine language is that it is represented in binary and executed directly by hardware, the correct description is code expressed in the binary system.

•Verified Answer: Vacuum tubes were used as one of the hardware components in the first generation of computers.

•Explanation: The first-generation computers, developed between 1946 and 1959, relied on vacuum tubes for their circuitry. These vacuum tube computers paved the way for electronic computing.

In the DIKW model, knowledge and wisdom are both higher levels, but they differ in what they emphasize. Knowledge is commonly described as the ability to apply information by using experience, rules, procedures, and understanding. It includes interpreting information, identifying patterns, and using that understanding to perform tasks or solve problems. Wisdom goes further by applying judgment to determine what should be done, often considering ethics, long-term consequences, and the best overall choice in context. Among the options, the best distinction is that wisdom is about higher-order judgment rather than basic interpretation. Option B states that wisdom includes interpreting data but knowledge does not; while both knowledge and wisdom can involve interpretation, this option is the closest to highlighting that wisdom is above knowledge in decision quality and judgment. Options D and the other choices misplace lower-level characteristics: giving meaning to data aligns more with information, and understanding patterns aligns strongly with knowledge. Therefore, the intended difference in many IT DIKW explanations is captured best by option B.

The Internet plays two important roles in the business ecosystem:

1.Marketing of products and services: The Internet provides a platform for businesses to promote their products and services globally, reaching a wider audience.

2.Connecting remote employees and offices across wide distances: Through the Internet, remote employees can collaborate, communicate, and work effectively regardless of geographical boundaries.

References

1.The Role of Internet in Business

2.The great transformer: The impact of the Internet on economic growth

•Businesses are beginning to use big data to integrate vast amounts of electronic data into analysis in order to gain insight for better decision making.

•Explanation: Big data allows organizations to analyze large datasets to uncover patterns, trends, and correlations, leading to more informed decisions and strategic business moves1.

•

Therefore, the correct answer is A. To integrate vast amounts of electronic data into analysis in order to gain insight for better decision making.

Execution is the project management life cycle stage where project deliverables are developed and the planned work is carried out. In Information Technology projects, this is the phase in which teams build, configure, code, test, and implement the products, services, or systems defined in the project plan. Resources are assigned to tasks, progress is tracked, and project managers coordinate people, time, and tools to ensure work aligns with requirements and scope. Planning defines how the work will be done, including schedules, budgets, milestones, and risk responses, but it does not produce the final deliverables. Initiation establishes goals, scope boundaries, and approval to begin. Closure occurs after deliverables are completed and accepted and includes documentation, sign-off, handover, and lessons learned. Because the question asks which stage involves developing deliverables, it refers to the phase where actual production happens. Therefore, the correct answer is execution.