Free Practice Questions for ECCouncil 712-50 Exam

 Explanation:

Electronic discovery (e-discovery) involves identifying, collecting, and producing electronically stored information (ESI) as evidence in legal proceedings.

This includes emails, documents, and other digital files relevant to the case.

 Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Chain of custody: Refers to the process of maintaining and documenting evidence handling.

C. Evidence tampering: Describes the illegal alteration of evidence, not the process of discovery.

D. Electronic review: Involves reviewing digital information but is part of the broader e-discovery process.

 EC-Council CISO Reference:Covers the importance of e-discovery in legal and compliance contexts, ensuring organizations are prepared to handle digital evidence properly.

 Explanation:

Maintaining power ensures volatile memory (RAM) data is preserved, which can contain critical forensic evidence such as running processes and network connections.

Securing the area prevents tampering or unauthorized access, preserving the integrity of evidence.

 Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Shut-down the computer: Shutting down can result in loss of volatile data critical to the investigation.

C. Place components in anti-static bags: Prematurely removing hardware disrupts the state of the machine and can lead to loss of evidence.

D. Secure the area: While important, it does not address the need to preserve volatile memory.

 EC-Council CISO Reference:The first-responder guidelines stress the importance of preserving evidence integrity and avoiding actions that could destroy critical forensic data.

 Explanation:

Granting broad access to critical functions like accounting period setups is often a result of inadequate segregation of duties.

Proper policies would limit access to essential personnel, reducing the risk of errors or fraud.

 Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Changing periods regularly: Does not justify access beyond finance personnel.

B. Posting entries for a closed period: Limited personnel should handle this, not multiple departments.

C. Chart of accounts modifications: A specialized task, not broadly needed across departments.

 EC-Council CISO Reference:Reinforces the need for strict access controls and clear segregation of duties as a security best practice.

 Investigative Support for Open Guest Networks:IP and MAC addresses associated with network activity provide crucial identifiers for tracing a user's activity. This is especially helpful for law enforcement when investigating illegal activities.

 Why IP and MAC Address Are Critical:

IP Address: Helps identify network traffic origin during a specific time frame.

MAC Address: Provides device-specific identification.

 Why Not Other Options:

A. Configure logging on each access point: While useful, it does not directly assist without extracting IP and MAC addresses.

B. Install firewall software: Does not help track user activity retroactively.

D. Disable SSID broadcast and enable MAC filtering: Prevents unauthorized access but doesn’t support investigations.

 EC-Council CISO Alignment:Proper logging and identification practices ensure legal compliance and effective support during investigations.

 Explanation:

Non-repudiation ensures that a party cannot deny the authenticity of their digital signature or transaction.

Digital signatures provide this assurance by cryptographically linking the signer to the transaction, safeguarding transaction integrity and authenticity.

 Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

B. Conflict resolution: Refers to resolving disputes but does not describe the capability of proving a transaction.

C. Strong authentication: Relates to verifying identity but not to preventing denial of actions.

D. Digital rights management: Concerns content protection, not transaction integrity.

 EC-Council CISO Reference:Emphasizes the role of non-repudiation in maintaining trust and integrity in digital transactions.

 Explanation:

In-line hardware keyloggers are physical devices placed between a keyboard and a computer.

They are a concern because they are not detectable by software-based monitoring tools, posing a significant risk to the confidentiality of sensitive information.

 Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Don’t require physical access: Physical access is required to install the hardware.

B. Don’t comply with regulations: While true, this is a secondary concern compared to their undetectability.

D. Are relatively inexpensive: Cost is a factor but not the primary security concern.

 EC-Council CISO Reference:The curriculum addresses the risks posed by hardware-based attacks and the need for physical security controls to mitigate such threats.

 Explanation:

Incident response encompasses the processes and actions taken to assess, contain, and mitigate security breaches.

It includes detection, investigation, containment, and recovery activities.

 Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. IT support team: May assist but lacks the specialized role of incident response teams.

B. Forensic analysis: A part of the incident response process but does not encompass the entire containment effort.

D. Physical security team: Relevant for physical breaches, not digital security incidents.

 EC-Council CISO Reference:Incident response is a critical component of the CISO role, focusing on minimizing damage and ensuring swift recovery from breaches.

 Understanding the Attack PhasesAccording to EC-Council's methodology, attackers typically follow these sequential steps during a network attack:

Reconnaissance: The attacker gathers preliminary information about the target to identify vulnerabilities.

Scanning and Enumeration: Using tools to actively discover open ports, services, and potential weak points in the network.

Gaining Access: Exploiting identified vulnerabilities to penetrate the system or network.

Maintaining Access: Deploying backdoors, Trojans, or other mechanisms to ensure continued access even after the initial breach.

Covering Tracks: Removing logs, hiding activities, and employing obfuscation tactics to avoid detection.

 Correct OrderBased on the above explanation:

Reconnaissance (4) → Scanning and Enumeration (2) → Gaining Access (5) → Maintaining Access (3) → Covering Tracks (1).

 EC-Council References

CEH Phases of Hacking: These steps align with the five phases of hacking outlined in EC-Council's ethical hacking curriculum.

CISO Emphasis on Incident Lifecycle: A CISO must be familiar with attack methodologies to detect, mitigate, and respond effectively.

3DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm. It uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, distinguishing it from asymmetric algorithms.

Symmetric Encryption Overview:

Symmetric encryption uses a single key shared between the sender and receiver for encrypting and decrypting data.

3DES Mechanism:

3DES encrypts data three times using the DES algorithm with three different keys, enhancing security over the original DES.

Comparison with Other Options:

MD5: Not an encryption algorithm; it’s a cryptographic hash function.

ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) and RSA: Both are asymmetric algorithms, using separate public and private keys.

Applications:

Widely used in financial services, although increasingly replaced by more secure algorithms like AES.

Encryption Fundamentals: EC-Council identifies 3DES as a legacy symmetric encryption method, suitable for understanding encryption evolution.

Security Practices: Guidance on transitioning from 3DES to modern algorithms aligns with EC-Council’s focus on advanced security.

EC-Council CISO References:

 Anonymity Networks:Anonymity networks, such as Tor (The Onion Router), rely on virtual network tunnels to mask users' IP addresses and activities by routing traffic through multiple encrypted nodes.

 Key Features:

Ensures anonymity by encrypting traffic between nodes.

Prevents tracking of source and destination.

 Why Not Other Options:

A. Covert government networks: Not specific to anonymity networks.

B. War driving maps: Associated with wireless network discovery, not anonymity.

C. Government networks in Tora: Misstatement; likely refers to Tor.

 EC-Council CISO Emphasis:Understanding anonymity networks is vital for cybersecurity professionals, both for defending against misuse and leveraging them for secure communication.