Free Practice Questions for CompTIA PT0-002 Exam

A hypervisor is a type of virtualization software that allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run on a single physical host machine. If the hypervisor is compromised, an attacker could potentially gain access to all of the VMs running on that host, which could lead to a significant data breach or other security issues.

One common type of attack against hypervisors is known as a VM escape attack. In this type of attack, an attacker exploits a vulnerability in the hypervisor to break out of the VM and gain access to the host machine. From there, the attacker can potentially gain access to other VMs running on the same host.

By ensuring that all hypervisors have the latest available patches installed, the company can reduce the likelihood that a VM escape attack will be successful. Patches often include security updates and vulnerability fixes that address known issues and can help prevent attacks.

The best recommendation to remediate this vulnerability is to use parameterized queries in the web application. Parameterized queries are a way of preventing SQL injection attacks by separating the SQL statements from the user input. This way, the user input is treated as a literal value and not as part of the SQL statement. For example, instead of using x’ OR role LIKE '%admin%, the user input would be passed as a parameter to a prepared statement that would check if it matches any value in the database.

These two payloads are most likely to establish a shell successfully because they use HTTP or HTTPS protocols, which are commonly allowed by network devices and can bypass firewall rules or IPS signatures. The other payloads use TCP protocols, which are more likely to be blocked or detected by network devices.

$X=2,4,6,8,9,20,5

$y=[System.Collections.ArrayList]$X

$y.RemoveRange(1,2) As you can see the arrat has no brackets and no periods. IT HAS SEMICOLLINS TO SEPERATE THE LISTED ITEMS OR VALUES.

The scoping document is a document that defines the objectives, scope, limitations, deliverables, and expectations of a penetration testing engagement. It is an essential document that guides the penetration testing process and ensures that both the tester and the client agree on the terms and conditions of the test. Requiring all testers to review the scoping document carefully would have most effectively prevented this misunderstanding, as it would have informed the new tester about the client’s request not to test the production networks. The other options are not effective or realistic ways to prevent this misunderstanding.

The /var/log/lastlog file is a log file that stores information about the last user to sign in to the server. This file stores information such as the username, IP address, and timestamp of the last user to sign in to the server. It can be used by a penetration tester to determine the identity of the last user who signed in to the web server, which can be helpful in identifying the user who may have set up the backdoors and other malicious activities.

 The penetration tester is using a password brute force attack, which is a type of password guessing attack that involves trying many possible combinations of passwords against a single username or account. A password brute force attack can be effective when the password is known to be weak, simple, or predictable, such as a default or temporary password. In this case, the penetration tester knows that the help desk analysts change users’ passwords to 123change when they request password resets, and decides to brute force the webmail with this password and a list of usernames. A password brute force attack can be done by using tools such as Hydra, which can perform parallelized login attacks against various protocols and services1. The other options are not techniques that the penetration tester is using. SQL injection is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in a web application that allows an attacker to execute malicious SQL statements on a database server. Password spraying is a type of password guessing attack that involves trying one or a few common passwords against many usernames or accounts. Kerberoasting is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the Kerberos authentication protocol that allows an attacker to request and crack service tickets for service accounts with weak passwords.

Situational awareness is the ability to perceive and understand the environment and events around oneself, and to act accordingly. The penetration tester demonstrated situational awareness by stopping the transfer of PII, which was out of scope and could have violated the ROE or legal and ethical principles. The other options are not relevant to the situation or the decision of the penetration tester.

The dig command is a tool that can be used to query DNS servers and obtain information about domain names, such as IP addresses, mail servers, name servers, or other records. The MX option specifies that the query is for mail exchange records, which are records that indicate the mail servers responsible for accepting email messages for a domain. Therefore, the command dig company.com MX would best help the tester determine which cloud email provider the log-in page needs to mimic by showing the mail servers for company.com. For example, if the output shows something like company-com.mail.protection.outlook.com, then it means that company.com uses Microsoft Outlook as its cloud email provider. The other commands are not as useful for determining the cloud email provider. The whois command is a tool that can be used to query domain name registration information, such as the owner, registrar, or expiration date of a domain. The curl command is a tool that can be used to transfer data from or to a server using various protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, or SMTP. The dig command with the A option specifies that the query is for address records, which are records that map domain names to IP addresses.

The attacker is sequentially changing the serviceID parameter in the URL, likely in an attempt to access objects that they are not authorized to see. This is indicative of an attempt to exploit an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability, where unauthorized access to objects can occur by manipulating input or changing parameters in the URL.

An insecure direct object reference (IDOR) vulnerability occurs when an application exposes a reference to an internal object, such as a file, directory, database record, or key, without any proper authorization or validation mechanism. This allows an attacker to manipulate the reference and access other objects that they are not authorized to access. In this case, the attacker was trying to exploit the IDOR vulnerability in the servicestatus.php script, which accepts a serviceID parameter that directly references a service object. By changing the value of the serviceID parameter, the attacker could access different services that they were not supposed to see. References: The Official CompTIA PenTest+ Student Guide (Exam PT0-002) eBook, Chapter 4, Section 4.2.2: Insecure Direct Object References; Best PenTest+ certification study resources and training materials, Section 1: Cross-site Scripting (XSS) Attack.