Female Australian Dunatothrips [small, sap-sucking insects] create tent-like structures on the surface of leaves to protect themselves and their eggs and larvae from desiccation in the arid Australian climate. Bono and Crespi compared survival and reproduction of thrips tliat founded structures alone with those in groups of two or more individuals. They found that although per capita egg production fell with increasing group size, foundresses were more likely to survive and lay eggs in groups than when alone. Several studies of other species of nest-building insects have concluded that foundress associations are beneficial to all parties. It is likely that the relative success of groups is at least in part accounted for by a reduction of energy use in the modification of a shared nest.
According to the passage. Bono and Crespi's findings showed that
Among geophysicists there was considerably less (i)_________the proposed environmental measure than the (ii)_________media accounts of the conference would suggest: the debate was often animated but never uncivil.
Scientists have long debated the exact timing of the lunar cataclysm, a period approximately 4 billion years ago when Earth and the Moon were pummeled with asteroids. A clue to this puzzle may come from spherules, millimeter-sized droplets of molten rock formed after au asteroid collides explosively with a planet. Upon impact, the asteroid vaporizes both itself and the target rock, producing a vapor plume that condenses into spherules. These form a layer preserved in rock, whose age can be estimated using radiometric dating. Scientists know of fourteen of these spherule layers scattered across Earth, but none dates to the theorized lunar cataclysm time period. Four layers, however, are from between 3.47 and 3.24 billion years ago. indicating perhaps a slow decline in collisions.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
Because most of the fish and waterfowl observed in the Arctic Ocean are (i)_________species, disruptive changes at all levels of the Arctic food chain that have resulted from rapid warning and loss of sea ice there will (ii)_________ ecosystems in more southerly habitats.
Harriet Monroe, who founded Poetry: A Magazine of Verse in 1912. argued that the more heterogeneous and sprawling the modem world became, the more poetry needed "an entrenched place, a voice of power." Hut this goal could only be realized if poets were valued in ways that encouraged them to participate in the world and made writing verse economically viable. Monroe argued that poets needed sites of institutional opportunity like those that had been developed for visual artists, architects, and musicians. She believed that the hand-wringing anticapitalism dominating genteel literary culture—particularly the idea that poetry ought to be removed from "sordid" pecuniary considerations—brought no economic and only illusory aesthetic benefits, instead severing poets from meaningful participation in the modern world.
The passage suggests that Monroe believed that finding "an entrenched place, a voice of power" for poetry would rely on which of the following?
The iacl thai ihcre are so many varieties of youthful dissent indicates that there is considerably less_________to this counterculture than has been suggested.
Through a steady stream of books, articles, and speeches, he sought to provide (i)_________analysis of political and economic issues, thus (ii)_________, rather than merely touting, the social utility of the scientific method.
The current_________of repackaged music under Miles Davis* name might prompt any reasonable person to conclude that the recording vault has been plundered bare.
The book's approach to modern art was hardly_________: it aimed simply to give readers a deeper understanding of prevailing perspectives in the field.
Instances of "galactic cannibalism"—mergers in which large galaxies completely consume smaller ones—may be fairly common. Tidal forces produced by the Milky Way's powerful gravity, for example, appear to be dismantling and engulfing a dwarf galaxy in the constellation Sagittarius, producing large clumps and streamers of stars connecting the two galaxies. Astronomers have also observed two dense clusters of stars and gas at the heart of the Andromeda galaxy, an apparent "double nucleus" that may contain the remnant of a cannibalized dwarf galaxy. But this twin-lobed appearance could also be created by two parts of a single nucleus bisected by a lane of dust. Scientists believe that only about 25 percent of such apparent double nuclei actually represent galactic cannibalism. Many of the rest result from the illusion of proximity that occurs when objects at different distances appear along the same line of sight: others consist of debris from galactic "collisions." in which one galaxy has passed through another without merging, causing waves of new star formation.
The passage suggests that a galactic collision differs from galactic cannibalism in that
